In a hidden corner of this world, something is happening. It's amazing how things change around us every second without us realizing it. How and why? In today's lesson, we will discover secrets that may Out of sight, let's open the door to knowledge and enter Together into a world full of dashes, the subject of science It's not just a lesson, but a key to understanding many secrets. In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, and peace and blessings be upon him. Send blessings upon our master and beloved, upon the beloved. Al-Mustafa sends his greetings to the hidden army, the students of his Sunnah. First year of secondary school, common core science and technology track All the states of Algeria, with God's blessing, we begin Science Journey with the Annual Field Program The first is the use of matter and the conversion of energy. The learning unit involves using the material and identifying... We will begin with the first lesson: Growth Mechanisms. And what exactly will we study in cell regeneration? We will discuss the following elements, but what is most important is that We will practice in detail the methodology of answering how Analyze how you explain, how you propose a hypothesis, and how you accomplish it. What does the plan mean? What are we going to do? Two things we study We enjoy ourselves and also apply the methodology so you can train more. On assignments and tests What exactly will we be covering in this lesson? Please note. With you carefully, we will discuss the following elements. Growth manifestations: Next we move on to growth zones Animals and plants also have growth mechanisms. Cellular renewal We will learn about the mechanism of mitosis. That means we will finally see the exact stages. Moving on to cell elongation, what I recommend is Focus and keen observation are important because this lesson is interesting. I look forward to your creativity and excellence, so please come in peace. God, let's begin a new happiness. O God, help me in this. My studies, bless my time and make the end of my efforts O Lord, grant me the best of destinies and O God, make her happy with the good news in my heart. My wishes, grant them to me, for You are capable of all things. First, we have living organisms. What do you know about living things? They are here. It does various different things Activities vitality like what? Like breathing Such as reproduction For example, movement, etc., but the being is... It is considered dead if it does not perform vital activities. Living organisms, for example, animals For example, a plant For example, microorganisms such as bacteria Furthermore, when we say that a human being is an animal, then he is an animal. An animal, but distinguished by God Almighty Logically, if we have animals, then we have humans. Only humans can distinguish between other animals and humans. Logically, we focus on two phenomena: growth. Cellular renewal, what is growth and what is it? Cellular regeneration – let's learn about that first. We have one document; we will do this. By analyzing it, if the instruction required of you is... Here, "instruction" means the instruction question. Analyze Analyze the document one Look with me, what does "shsh" mean? Analyze if we need it. There are steps to answer this question. Analysis steps steps Analysis means the methodology of analysis. Let's begin. Document definition We understand how to apply it Then dismantling Data and observations That means we submit the feedback. note Then find a relationship Then present a conclusion They came back from behind me, defining, unpacking, data, finding relationship and provide a conclusion now We are going to apply these steps to this The document is the first thing What does the document represent? If the document is defined Let's start representing The document What Are you looking at it? Is it a table or The document Curved My statement We are studying the phenomenon Here we have the height and we have the weight, if it is represented If this is the document related to the residence permit, tell him Height is the length, not the stature. teacher For changes in height (in centimeters) and weight In years Document definition Even what, even about 17 years old, for example, or 18? 17. Weight gain Approximately 60 grams, then 55, then approximately 60, then it stabilized. It means even if it increases, it doesn't increase too much, meaning it remains Weight here means what we will discuss later. Regarding height, please note that if the height increases from zero It also means around 16 years old, between 16 and 17. The length reaches approximately 160, then it stabilizes if You could say that we divide what We split up These two curves are divided into two parts, so what about age? For example, from zero to about 16 years old or 17 Give me your feedback on what, if there's an increase? weight gain Until he arrives To its value how much? Weight gain until it reaches a certain value Approximately 60 grams at age, for example, at age At 16 or 17, we also notice an increase in length. Until it reaches how much? Look at how long it gets. Up to about 160 cm At age 17, these are all the observations we're providing. In the notes Let's not forget that, for example, here is 16 And above, if we go from age zero to 16, and no 17, then from age 16 and above, Sh. Yasri stability In both height and weight So, if you come here to this curve, how does that work? If you have an increase followed by a plateau, look at your weight. The length remains almost constant, then it is fixed and after We know why, but weight can increase. It's a little, not less, but the length will be fixed. Then, after we have broken down the data We find a relationship; what is the relationship between length and Weight and age, if this is the relationship between The data you have includes height, weight, and age. If you are using whenever Age increased What's happening? He increases Both height and weight increase Here we say it has a direct relationship, meaning they move Together, as age increases, height will also increase. If the older you get, the more Height and weight increase, therefore there is a direct relationship. And here, the relationship isn't always there if you're able. You might find it, and you might not find it; this is from The point is, we focus more as you get older. Your height and weight increase during puberty and stabilize This relationship is then established at a certain age. Puberty And the relationship, I told you, you are capable of finding and capable of not If you don't find it, let's move on to the last part: the conclusion. Write the conclusion That means we defined, we analyzed the data, we... What information have you obtained? What information did you find here? To her, the human being, the living creature, what is happening to him? It's growing, it's changing in height and weight If we can say here man grows It means the organism grows Among the indicators Growth means, who told you that it's happening? The increase In height and weight Irreversibly means that the length increases, not that it increases After that, it decreases. So, what do we mean here in a different way? If we go to a term here, it's important to know what it is. Growth indicators - What do we mean by growth indicators? It has signs of growth the weight And more height Neither humans nor living organisms are growing if Growth indicators include increases in height and weight. It is a collection Changes Which happens through more Not reversible In what? In weight and height Set of changes Changes that occur in a living organism increase its weight. And it increases in length Thus, if we exploit Another phenomenon is What With some leather components If you have skin skin You have Adam You studied it in middle school and you have Under the dermis Under the dermis there is fatty tissue My fat And Meissner also found it there, meaning the endings. This nerve also contains glands For example, ethnic groups also contain vessels. bloody And so on, meaning many things, but as for the skin We will divide the skin into layers if You have a layer Base layer layer Middle And apply it superficial The divisions are what I gave you here if I didn't send you anything The skin is complete if the skin is not drawn completely. Part of it, which is the skin, I focused on that. The epidermis, the basal layer of this epidermis What did they do? This basal layer contains cells One row of cells; these cells are called basal cells Basal cells are located at the base and beyond. There is a group of cells belonging to Loha The cells of the middle layer are here, if middle layer cells And at the top there are flakes which are made of Dead cells, if these are dead cells, they have died Pay close attention, the dead cells Detached from the skin They appear as scales that are easy to remove. Compensation With other cells, meaning he told you these cells The dead woman is here She'll go and be replaced with a new one, and to find out the origin The origin of these cells means these cells The dead, when they die, where do they come from? Who is the origin? If we proceed, we will not inject the deep cells. Come here, have you seen these deep cells? For the skin, which consists of basal cells, these cells Let's go and call it, what does it mean? Let's call it, let's go It contains radioactive elements, meaning cells. The basal layer of the skin is labeled with radioactive elements. It means we appoint her After that, this tag cannot be used by the cells. Getting rid of it means she'll keep it with her so we can find out if... It was labeled, meaning we used radioactive elements, then after That's how we track the evolution of radiation; we sit and doze off in Where do these cells go? Do they stay here or not? Change her place The results are shown in the document. Two focused I have two people with me in the document You have basophils that have been labeled At time zero, the first time, you can see With what you have are basal cells labeled in the layer Middle layer of the epidermis and superficial layer After a while, what did we notice? We observed a decrease in radiation. Decrease in radiation In the basal layer And what about the increase in radiation in the middle class? It means who was exposed to radiation? The radiation cannot escape because of this cell The radiation we applied to it cannot escape. Including radiation The cell has been completely replaced, it has changed its location. This is what we mean if the cells here were In the basal layer Diblas moved to the middle class, then after This reduced radiation from the middle class and increased in The top layer becomes dead cells. Here, let's do the analysis together. What is it? Steps for analysis: If we know the document, we can decipher it. Given the data, we find a relationship and draw a conclusion. We're here If the document represents two things, what? It represents a diagram or a picture, as you wish. Represent diagram A diagram of the To track What has radiation evolved about? in layers skin Where we notice, we start going back to time zero. What? We observe that at time zero, if Presence of radiation In the cells Al-Qaeda It means he stayed here, he stayed here, this is where. We started, I mean Only in basal cells It means its stability in the same place over time. One notices what The presence of radiation in The class Middle And it is lacking And it lacks basal layer We don't say this is due to that because I told you to analyze it. only Because if we come to explain, we say that The cells moved, they moved from here to here. The one with the deplacement rule means the cell is complete. The base migrates because the cell is already inside it. radiation exists if it occurs in time. two We observe a decrease in radiation. From the class Central And it increases In the surface layer Where do the cells become what? Dead is a word Shells Is there a relationship? There's no relationship here. Clearly, let's move directly to the conclusion. The information we obtain, we go here, he told me To find out Where do the dead cells come from? To understand the origin and source of these cells, we need to determine their meaning. The goal we want to achieve is to know the origin And the origin, if we come here we say origin Continue cells The dead Where did it come from on the surface of the skin? What is their origin? Where did these cells come from? Its source is the cells of the layer. Basal cells The class Al-Qaeda For the skin So that Compensate her This means that dead cells are regenerated through The cells of the basal layer are the origin of this The dead cells are the basal cells, their origin. This is known as On the surface Renewal Cellular What does the word "renewal" mean? It means compensation cellular It means by means of cells This is what we mean by cell renewal. The cells that died are on the surface. Trickepper In basal cells, if we can, we can call The basal cells here are like cells Construction Listen carefully, I'll repeat the basic cell division. We can call them structural cells, you might say Professor, why did you tell her about stem cells? She is responsible for the creation, meaning she is the one who provides So what is it that will replace your cells? This dead thing, we mean, we call it cells Construction means it is the source, it is the origin, they named it Construction This phenomenon is called "cellular renewal," and we'll give you For example, any one of you is perfect in our eyes. The skin, glory be to God, means that my Lord, glory be to Him, has distinguished us. He gave us many things and details about man. Taking a shower means... Scratching your skin will cause it to peel, but don't worry. Laughing at this is perfectly normal. Scratching the skin here will cause those flakes to come off. It's the dead layer, if it were You notice that when a person showers, it means during a period of time Short, meaning for example, a week or less than a week. Those peels, those peels are cells Dead isn't dirt, those are dead, altered cells. This means the cells change and regenerate each time they are replaced. With cells that die and are regenerated, who can replace them? Glory be to Him! God, the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis are not working. This is all skin, Rana is in the skin Here we call the basal cells the cells Now, living beings, like here for example, humans What phenomenon of growth does he have? Growth And here is a phenomenon Renewal Cellular What are the indicators of growth? If we come to write here What is growth? It is the increase in height Weight gain Cellular regeneration is compensation cells cellular at The object He needs answers. Give me an answer The second one is together All materials for all levels in the project Akasha Educational living organism devices respiratory system For example, the lungs It is a collection from cells symmetrical In the form And the job It means a group of cells like this Hi cells It has the same shape and performs the same function if We would go back to the gradual approach if you have members in it. Shesh tissues, meaning tissues, are a group of The cells, and then in the second year you'll see We'll continue with more details now. What do you think? cell This cell renewed itself each time. Renewing it to preserve the fish and how it grows It consists of cells Hey, hey, keep it in front of you, give me some possibilities, how? How does a living organism grow and regenerate? If you have the first possibility of cells Cells multiply This means their number will increase. This means the first hypothesis will grow What is the increase in the number of cells if the increase Number of cells Increasing the number of cells ensures growth And He is able here, what is here in this case, that he This cell will increase its population by a fraction Some of it stays here, and the other part goes to be renewed. The second hypothesis is also a possibility, Professor. This cell increases Its size This means its dimensions increase if the hypothesis is correct. The second one with an increase Dimensions means size These cells are hypotheses, these are possibilities, if you are able Cells multiply, meaning their number increases. It means human growth; it means living organism. Where does the cell grow and what is capable of increasing distance? Its effects, and therefore there is growth, etc. To verify, let's study these hypotheses to see if they are Is it correct or not? Let's move on to the activity. areas Growth in the organism What are we going to do with a living organism, an animal? We're going to see the plant. Pay close attention because this element is very important. We are studying You have the following documents: two documents, one document, and one document. Four normals, we will give you the instruction Solve it yourselves Look at this experiment with someone who plants Pea seeds in a mineral medium after four We spray herbicide a few days after the start of production. At the end or tip of the root and stem For some young, productive plants and afterwards We compare Among them Before that, we'll start with the plants. So we can tell you about the plant, if we need to go back Let's look back at the memories. What does production mean? Production reminds us of the life story of the plant. Now let's leave the animal topic and move on to the plant topic. For example, we have seed Peas, not beans; beans have seeds. So this is it? seed What does the seed contain? This is the seed in front of you seed These are beans The seed is encased in a blanket What should we open when we come? This seed Inside this is the embryo; this is the And you have this very small one, this quilt. The very small one we call the sap; this is the phrase Two halves And what do we have? It is the same embryo Production means the seed. This is her embryo, this is the embryo La Germination It is a transfer of the rhizome, it is a transfer active Where can you get these beans? He replants them He goes out This one in green is Suwaiqa These are two sheets of paper The two leaves complete root plant You also have a leg And you have papers The seed from which the germ grows produces The two leaves become a plant, meaning here after the occurrence The production process will involve a pair of experiments. What are they doing? If one of the plants They make her a witness It means he doesn't even manage anything for her, but he's a different kind of person. What are they doing? Brush The two papers are spraying the herbicide. They sprinkle it on the ends Root and stem, meaning neither root nor stem. After a while, the results will be as follows: Neither the plant nor the seedling in this treatment has grown. Its dimensions have not increased, but here is the home The witness means no, unprocessed, unprocessed. It grows normally, its length increases, notice. Here are the materials used: pea seeds, soil Sand for sowing seeds to germinate in, also pesticide The herbs and the Petri dish, if we leave the seed It produces, then it becomes a sprout; we apply pesticide. The herbs are at the root end and the stem end, then We leave this seedling for a period of time while it germinates Another one wasn't treated at all, meaning it remains as a sofa. He observed it after a certain period of time, for sure. The witness plant grew normally and increased Its dimensions, while the treated plant did not It is subject to growth so that we can solve this document. If we know it represents a picture of experimental results About the pea plant One of the plants is treated with a herbicide, and the other Unprocessed, as we observe it dropping to the line. If regarding The plant, if treated with a herbicide, will not grow As for the control plant, it grows normally. If we analyze the data, is there a relationship? The relationship is unclear; the conclusion here is that we need to... We manage the conclusion Notice what we can conclude As long as we are in At the ends of the root and stem, and not the root And the market, more precisely, we noticed what was lacking Growth refers to the growth zone of a plant. Jaye Asko Jaye here in the middle or in The ends, if areas Where does plant growth occur? It is at the end of the high end in Lavan At the end of the root and the end of the leg Ultimately, the length of the root and stem means how Let's draw a plant In this way Here you have And you have the papers At the end of the leg here and at the end The root, if there are growth areas, we call them Growth values ​​peaks Nāmih means "values," and Nāmih means "peak." It means it's coming at the end and growing, that's what it means It's responsible for growth; if you shake something, you'll get a cardio. The need for the growth zones of the plant to be in The root end and the stem end are not in any one place. Next we move on to the growth zones in animals. Pay close attention to this experiment: the pin experiment. silver Anyone who tells me about animal growth You're right about the bones, but we're here Humans are growing lengthwise and have growth in The brain organs, etc. details If there are different types of bones The bone doesn't contain cartilage. If we come here, there is cartilage Cartilage This cartilage It contains details Greatness I understand you two, just focus here. Here and here How should we conduct this experiment? They know the result, then Pin this Not bone To C, it remained constant but The distance between A and B increased. It was clear at the level of communication conditions What happened? What happened? more The length of the bones means who is responsible for the increase What is the length of the bones? The term "connecting cartilage" means "we connect" in this document. By the area where the cartilage connects Responsible for the longitudinal growth of bone We rewrite it here under the heading "ghadrouf" The caller said responsible About the longitudinal growth of bones And the cartilage connection, as I told you, is what? It is a tissue, meaning a group of cells These cells are what they are, if they turn into This means that gradually the cartilage will turn into bone. To bones means it calcifies because the cartilage is What? It's somewhat flexible and doesn't harden over time. It turns into bone that calcifies in order to calcify. Regarding bones at the end of puberty, cartilage is eliminated. It's all over here, it's completely finished and therefore stops. Growth means why bone growth stops because The cartilage connects here; what comes here goes here. What is the complete conclusion in terms of what is noted? In the end puberty What Stop Longitudinal growth of bones The reason for the depletion of the cartilage connection means here The cartilage, God willing, these cells are gone. It calcifies again, meaning after a period of time the cartilage cells Calcification means hardening, becoming more rigid. It consists of bones cohesive His crucifixion We agree, so if we tell you how to analyze the document To solve the problem, the document requires four steps. Here is some definition, deconstruction of a relationship, and conclusion. Let's start by asking what the document represents. A diagram, a diagram of someone Experimental results on those on young bone animal Four pins are stuck into it silver Where we notice after a period of time What do we notice from the increased distance between The point is such and such, and what remains is fixed. If the distance remains The distance between B and C I named the bone body, meaning the one that comes in The center is called the bone body. The distance remained constant and did not change. It hasn't changed, but the distance between the letters A and A remains the same. And the The distance increased Between the two points, if I remember in Notes between points A and B And also between two points C and D mean exactly where it increased The distance in the bone body remained constant, but in The end of the bone increased, so here we can call it end bone The distance increased. Is there a relationship? No. If that's the case, then let's go to the conclusion. From this we conclude what we conclude: that cartilage Contact It is responsible for the longitudinal growth of bones. So that it gradually transforms over time into Every time, his greatness transforms into greatness. Look, every time... It turns into bone; this red color means bones. It means it will calcify and gradually turn into The goal is for it to be implemented, meaning growth will stop here. Cartilage tissue, this tissue, these cells, we appreciate We call them stem cells, you'll say no My teacher, because she's the one who will give you the bones if In conclusion, we said cartilage connection Official responsible for the longitudinal growth of bones Write a note What are these cells, cartilage, that connect? We can call the contact cartilage cells cells Construction Why, teacher, is she the one who caused its creation? The bone you're thinking of contains stem cells, and here Let me give you another piece of information, for example, regarding bones, so that Stop just reading about bones. For example, we have this bone and this bone. If you were to go, for example, to a good place, that's a good place. You will find the bone, it will be wrapped on top. Wrapped in something white This is here The one who surrounds The top and bottom are also made of cartilage. But the benefit of this cartilage that exists What does it prohibit here and here? Prevents friction Bones, meaning God Almighty, created cartilage here. And here, we are talking about him. The cartilage that's coming inwards, that's what's coming inwards. Outside of this, friction is prevented; this means with Time passes until a person grows very old and Then it fades away, and the person returns to it. He can't walk, but that's what we're talking about. In longitudinal growth, it is the cartilage that comes The inside is here, the cartilage that comes inside Greatness means that over time the areas that It contains connective cartilage that contains cells Its structure transforms over time. If cartilage is transformed into bone tissue fabric cartilage Over time, to the fabric bony A person who is grown up will be Here, his bone is intact, and I'll add some information for you. Another thing after we learned about linear growth Meaning, in humans Here we focused on the bones specifically, the bones in the Contact us, we'll add something else, we've focused. Regarding bones, we focused on growth. My height, you saw me, what did I say about my height growth? The human being here grows in the bones and also in Other areas, for example, as I mentioned, in the stomach. It means in the nervous tissue, meaning there is growth in In other areas, if we can say that here Growth growth at areas Growth in the organism Where is the animal located? Where is it located in its tissues? Specialized Among them, for example fabric The cartilaginous growth of the animal is a sign of its confidence. In his special tissues, what is in those tissues? It contains structural cells This is what you should focus on. What did we focus on? We focused on the fabric. cartilage Found in bones So what is this cartilage tissue responsible for? If responsible for growth longitudinal bones That means we focused on bone growth and lengthening. Markznach didn't focus on other tissues, but the important thing is you two. To say the growth zones of a living organism An animal that has specialized tissues containing Stem cells such as cartilage tissue I told you where in the bones it's located Let's talk about what's happening here inside. It is responsible for longitudinal growth in bones where Over time it turns into bone tissue and increases That length, but when the plant is with some of what What are the growth zones of a plant? It's the end Root and end What did we name the leg? The peaks developing It means, Glory be to God, we now know the meaning of the plant. Its growth areas are the root tips. And the leg, so that we can draw it, meaning in the end If we consider this root This leg, if it is at the end of the leg and the end of The root is the growing tip, but in animals We focused on certain tissues such as the tissue Cartilage tissue means a group of cells Symmetrical in form and performing the same function This means that the function is symmetrical in lengthening. For bones at the level of cartilage tissue, observe It's right here in your textbook The cartilage tissue ossifies, meaning it transforms and does not Cartilage cells transform. cartilage cells to bone cells It transforms At the end of puberty, growth stops. Here you can rely on this information Because it's very useful. Watch this video with me. It shows the areas of longitudinal growth in humans. Between the bones, in what are known as the long bones, something occurs Its level is growing, and who is responsible for that? Cartilage tissue containing cells It is the cartilage that allows for an increase in the length of this Bone is this cartilage tissue that contains Cartilage cells whose layers transform into bone tissue The bone body joins its end And here's a very important point: the growth of the Human height is limited because The cartilage of the connection turns into bone in The end of adolescence, but glory be to God, when We will see the plant later; its growth will be Continuous means the plant always continues to grow. The human body has a limited size because it is cartilage in Contact us to get rid of his account. This means that over time, puberty ends What is growth? Notice here, for example, the stages The product starts as a seedling and then develops into a full-fledged plant. Agreed, even if there are many details, the important thing is that you two... What you need to adjust is that the growth zones at The organism is an animal with specialized tissues such as Cartilage tissue responsible for longitudinal growth In bones and in plants at the root end And the stem, you don't have growth zones. And you adjust the growth indicators. What are the growth indicators? If it's the increase In length weight Irreversibly, if in this case we have adjusted The fundamentals of growth zones and growth indicators There are some students here who will ask me questions Ms Length confirms our understanding of cartilage tissue It enlarges at the end of the puberty. But, my teacher, regarding weight, I mean weight Professor Malvin, let's see if there's a person who can... It increases weight a lot, yes, it increases weight. But we're talking about a normal person, meaning weight. Its value will be, for example, 55 or 70, meaning not It will change a lot, except in the case of a human being like If he eats, or for example, if he doesn't eat much, he will lose a lot of weight. When it comes to weight, we're talking about a normal person. That means its weight is almost constant. It means even if Zaid increases, it won't be like that. The degree after we learned that there are phenomena such as Cell growth and renewal: We identified the growth zones. In animals, we also learned about growth indicators now. Of course, the question is, how exactly does growth occur, Professor? What does cell regeneration mean in terms of its mechanisms? Exactly what is the growth process and what are the mechanisms of cell renewal? We have the following documents: Document One Two, page 18, and document three, page 19 And how exactly does the stem grow in the plant? If we're going to focus here on the plant I wonder how It grows exactly In the end root Of course, the leg, if we're going to focus on it The end of the root is now the end of the root here, a segment My length is at the end of the root or the root tip of the juniper plant. And we have What? Documents showing the rate of cell proliferation And the length of the cells, and we have point A, which is Our reference point is point A, and what is the distance? Regarding point A, what should we observe? Let's focus carefully on it. These details Our cell proliferation rate means the number Its number of cells This refers to the distance from point F This means point A is our reference point. Hey, here we are, all we have left is point A This means, for example, that we move away from it by 0.5 to 5, then 1 2 or 1.5 2 2.5 five means everything after us Regarding point A, what will we notice? Do you understand? if We measure the rate of cell proliferation near you. Point A is here, and when we move away from point A What do we observe regarding cell proliferation? On the other hand, we have here the length of the cells, if We measure the length of the cells relative to the distance from the point. The letter 'alif' means the dot 'a' here, then after that. The length of the cells is the further we are from point A. The length of the cells So here we will conduct a comparative analysis. Instruction Provide an analysis Comparing For results The document Two "shsh" means the methodology of comparative analysis. If the document is defined Then, after that, dismantle or provide feedback. And so that you can return to dissecting the data Serve while On the other hand That means we're going to do a comparison. After we analyze the data, if it is possible to We have an explanation, and it might not be if it's extra. Explanation, if available We have a relationship We have a conclusion Last time we saw the methodology of analysis Copy, Koli, everything, how to define dismantling and add While the interpretation of Qadir is that you will find it, and Qadir is not We found it last time when we did the analysis. We didn't find the explanation in it, but the comparative analysis was. We can find the explanation and any connection to it. And to present a conclusion along with some explanations and what we will do The methodology: Observe with me so that point A Here are the cells next to point A. Next to it are these pools that are next to it. You can see that the cells multiply in it Big, about four It reaches up to five and a half That is, when we move away from point A to approximately What will increase by 0.9? There is an increase in Number of cells Then, after that, to get far away from point A This means the rate of cell proliferation decreases, meaning it returns Don't multiply too much in this sense, meaning if Naji was drawing this here This is point A, so we move away from point A. We come here We find the number of cells Reproduction rate It is missing It means don't multiply too much. The closer we get to point A, the higher the reproduction rate. Increasing the number of cells means increasing This means the cells multiply a lot the further we are. The reproduction rate decreases; it doesn't reproduce too much. On the contrary, go and compare this length to mine. The cells refer to their dimensions, specifically the length of the cells. Pay close attention so that it is close to point A. When you are close to point A, what happens? Do you notice? If we try to make it a different color We observe an almost constant dimension, meaning the cell Then, after a certain period, we will explain it later. And everything after us is point A. Shhh, Rakum. Notice cell length The opposite increases its meaning as we approach point A. No more cell length This means that the length of the cells remains constant. The further we move away from point A, the more Dimensions The cells are one, my teacher tells me, this is a comparison. We're comparing, meaning the closer we get From point A, you can see The closer we get to point A, the more... The cell's rate of reproduction increases, but its length... The number of cells remains constant; compare the number. The cells have an increased rate of reproduction, but Its length remains constant, but when we move away from Point A: Too much increases the length of the cells and decreases Reproduction rate means this is a comparison enough What do we conclude? What do we deduce? In the end, we conclude Because The developing summit is divided into two regions This is your understanding, we will give you another area, two areas, one area This area was identified for its high reproduction rate. cells increase The length of the cells does not increase, hence the name of the region. meristematic The area is the meristematic region. The area above it is called the elongation zone. We named it the elongation zone because the cells in it The distance increases The reproduction rate wasn't... I mean, there isn't one here. Cell proliferation... you'll say, teacher, I don't understand. Even something like, "Focus with me, we'll draw the cell, everything will be fine." Easy, meaning there wasn't anything difficult at all. With Akasha's books Joy and achieving the highest average and tweets Successful, God willing Akasha Library is more than just a publishing house Let's start now. analysis comparative For the document Believe me, science isn't just about memorization; you have to... The methodology for answering the questions doesn't give the mark for analysis. Comparative analysis helps us understand what this document represents. Two graphs represent the rate of cell proliferation. Cell length as a function of distance from point A. If two curves are represented Bayanin Changes in the rate of reproduction cells and Its length Based on the distance from the point, our reference name This is point A where we observe that we have completed the definition. The document, where do we go now? We go and get it sorted out. data So that we can go back and analyze the data, we write while On the other hand, there is no explanation here. There's nothing we can say that's due to This indicates its meaning here in this case, no. There is an explanation that means we will perform data analysis. And we move directly to Conclusion and relationship, don't forget, let's start then In the distance Nor when approaching point A, Shan We notice that as we approach the point, the increase Cell proliferation rate when approaching From point A, we notice an increase in the rate For example, regarding cell proliferation, give me a value where it reaches 5.5 is five when the distance is, for example, 0.9 where It amounts What is it? 5.5 at the distance 0.9 nine While we observe here that the length remains cells in This area While it was, or while I was managing the comparison While Tsma remains in this approach, Cell length remains Steady In this area, which is nearby We continue from point A Then, by God, when moving away from point A It means we're far away from point A When moving away from point A, what do we observe? We observe a decrease in cell proliferation on placesosa Increase in elongation or increase in cell length, we write Here when moving away About the point A lot What do we notice? Increase dimensions cells and lack Its reproduction Until then, it will stop reproducing. Approximately 1.8 stops Cell proliferation where at a distance What? 1.7 Seven cell proliferation stops And based on the cessation of reproduction, this dimension The elongation will begin with us They went very far away, meaning they left from that distance. The correct lengthening increases, meaning it reaches The elongation here means the length of the cells is approximately 125 That is, at a distance of, for example, 6h, if here is a distance of... We knew that as we approached point A The cells multiply, and to avoid point A Many cells have a greater distance between them than what they are. The relationship becomes stronger the more there is no explanation. whenever We are close From the point one thousand He increases Number of cells And the further we get What about it? He increases? cell length This is the relationship; the closer we get to Point A shows that the cells are the ones that multiply. If we move further away, you'll find the length of the cells. If it increases, what can we conclude? In conclusion, we want to know how it happens. Growth, exactly, we already knew what was happening At the developing summit, for whom is this developing summit? This means the end of this developing summit, we say to it Root growing tip Where exactly did you tell me? At the summit? The growing area, if we identify the growth zone It is the growing peak, drawn for you, not the root. Then we'll give you the one about the developing summit. How exactly does the root grow? Exactly If the result is the presence of two regions The first area is called the area The meristem We call it the meristematic zone The second area is called the area elongation If you have two areas here, we will add more. Information here, what's there? This one at the bottom This one I didn't mention, we call it "al-Qalunsu" Lacoff The galonso Its role is to download the root file and let it penetrate. It penetrates the soil if this is its role. protection This is her role after the colonoscopy in The root meets the meristematic zone After this mystical area, you will find the area Elongation means point A is here This is the point, Volvo. Then comes the meristematic region, and then comes the... The elongation zone means here, so that we can do In this way, if this is the colon This is the colon, which contains a second group of cells. Sh Kain also Kain here, this one with the fair It is the meristematic region This is an area Myristeme Which is above it Let's see this Orange area elongation region elongation Okay, so we say, "What is the teacher's role?" Her role is protection, teacher. What distinguishes the region? Meristematic? Come on, tell me, are you from this area? The meristematic tissue contains cells. What are the characteristics of these cells? These cells The cells elongate but do not multiply if they differentiate. The melistematic region is multiplying If cells multiply Let's do it here Cell proliferation and what characterizes its region Elongation by increase Dimensions cells So here we can deduce what if what From this document, we conclude that the summit The growing tip of the root It is divided into two regions We write The growing tip of the root, because we are studying it. The root of the word "درك" (dark) is "نعكم" (na'kam), and it is organized into two regions. Let's begin meristematic region meristematic Because they did not name it Meristeme, from the word "divide". The division means the splitting into two parts. They named it the meristematic region because It is characterized by cell proliferation in the meristematic region. Why? Because here, look at the meristem. Meristam, a fabric of the Aqsumi tribe, is on the Samawah Meristam. Because it comes from the Greek word meaning "to divide" This region is characterized by cell proliferation. The melistematic region is characterized by its cells By multiplying It means an increase in number. number What are the characteristics of the elongation zone? What are the characteristics of its cells? By increasing the dimensions, we can draw for you from a distance The cell understands perfectly what I'm saying, that's it. The conclusion is that the growing tip of the root Divided into two zones, you tell me, Professor, why? My colon is affected if the root is characterized by the presence of Don't mention the colon here, it's okay. Added only if the meristematic region is elevated The colon area and the elongation area Ta'lu al-mirstem means "coming to my colon" Meristematic elongation in this way is complete. The meristematic gland is located above the colon. And the elongation above the meristem, if this is it What are the details of the document? Two people focused a lot on it. These details, and preserve these areas, and preserve Their features are a meristematic region. Now let me give you an example of elongation. The leg, if this is the leg, look, we have the leg. So here's the end leg Longitudinal growth also occurs at the stem end. How, teacher? Because there are areas where we come here. This is the first area We call it a region Myristeme and the area below it We call it elongation zone Professor, why did you turn them upside down? elongation zone Ms Why did you turn them over? And why didn't you do anything in the first place? By placing the colonoscopy on top of it, because it is actually a role Colonsula is the root protection, right? Right, here? Regarding the leg, that means the top and beyond. Here are the papers And so on, if this relates to the colon It only exists in the root, right? Why did you reverse it like that? Because the melissmatic region and then comes The elongation zone, as if you were this, and its inversion only if This also applies to the leg area. Meristematic and elongation zone if it were I'll ask you now, I'll tell you How can we not tell you what the regions are beforehand? Growth When the plant is in this state, there are some growth areas. You'll tell me the plant has a growing tip For the root And a growing peak for the squat Let's draw it together, the rising peak of attraction, if We considered this Here is the root This is the growing tip of the root. The growing tip of the female means the end of the leg. This is the end These are areas of darkness; give me the mechanisms for its growth. Growth Mechanisms mean there's nothing but the mechanisms of growth Hey, how did the growth process even happen? You'll ask me how, yet he grew taller, by two Teacher's needs There's something called "colonnaise," don't forget it, there's something called "colonnaise." What area of ​​the cells is there where they are multiplying? If we call it the meristematic region If the first mechanism is the mechanism of reproduction cells It means the result of its division Where did the plant divide? Where did it divide then? The area meristematic And also, what happened? Did the cells simply multiply? She tells me no, teacher, and also that the cells have elongated. Where exactly if it is elongated cells Where exactly? In the area elongation If there is a difference between the region and the mechanism It means the method The method that made the plant grow, if it is Cell proliferation in the melistematic region This means the number of cells increases. Imagine the number being like this Thus, it has a specific length; if we increase the number The cells, look, so we can increase Look, when I increase the number of cells, I've increased the number. The word "ش صر" (sh) means "to grow" or "to increase in length." The word "شش" (sh) means "growth" or "development." Reverse cell proliferation; this cell is in this state. The method is "shsh," meaning its lengthening means it increases. Its length, for example, in this way, if... There is a growth, yes, a difference between these. One is small and the other is long, so these are the areas Growth and these growth mechanisms, if you want to ask me about it Growth is the proliferation of cells in the area. The meristematic layer above the skull region And the colon, I told you its role is Protection also consists of cells, but the regions Mystimulation and elongation are the ones that play a role. In growth, either you go to the stem and you will find Conversely, the meristematic region is above here, and the area The elongation below it That's what we were saying; now we move on to something very important. This refers to a longitudinal section at the end of a plant root. Look at the colon And here you are One, two, three. We take cells from different areas. From the root end, we can see how the cells are Its shape, meaning what shape it has in Point one, two, and three, pay attention here. The images are 1, 2, and 3. If the first cell is here... This cell took level two here And cell three took from that level, I Before we do this, I'm thinking about what you need This information plant cell What is a plant cell? Look, the plant cell has a specific shape. This is a plant cell It consists of a cell wall This is the entire cell wall inside the membrane. Hyo This is a membrane Hyo Inside, there's a liquid here. It is a molten metal. then What do we have? nucleus This is what we call Noah We also have succulent cavities. These are a succulent cavity, meaning a cavity Its juice contains water and mineral salts. The nucleus contains the information or Genetic information, adjust this cell for me Plants have a wall, they have a membrane, they have It has a nucleus and voids inside. Modern We will focus on this plant cell. now First, observe with me that in area one, there is a region One we called the Meristemiya region Above the meristematic zone, there is an area elongation Please observe the melissmatic region. How are its cells? Here's how its cells are structured; here's the wall. This is the cell wall, because it's the cell. The plant has a specific shape; this wall The cell membrane, the plasma membrane, is not visible. Beneath it is a cytoplasmic membrane We notice threads. Do you notice the nucleus? No, there wasn't one. nucleus We observe cytoplasm and filaments. Do you notice the vacuoles? No, it means that in the meristematic region, its cells How can the absence of the core be what we write? Here in the meristematic region meristematic What are its cells like? What is the absence of the nucleus? also Its size, the size of the cell, is small. What is a cell? small Do you notice gaps, not absences? gaps The succulents too, do you notice? What is the core? Don't you notice threads if there is no The nucleus and the presence of threads After that, we know if the cells in the area Mellistemia is characterized by the absence of a nucleus and the presence of The cell size of the threads is not affected by the absence of vacuoles. multiply The cells, meaning the cells, are in a stage Reproduction is active, it's working on Her soul, if it's in a stage of division, is Who are the servants of this region, the meristematic ones? Now let's go to the elongation zone. region Notice the elongation, area by area. This is the elongation It is the elongation zone, containing two and three levels. Pay close attention to this area; we'll call it two. Beginning of elongation elongation initiation zone This is the region of the end of the elongation. It means to go back in time with memories If this Do you have this cap? Qalonso Also, this one here Its cells here are small in size. What are its characteristics? With threads The absence of the nucleus and these sap-filled spaces The cells are called Sh, this area is called Li Healthy area Myristeme, let's review together what? The cells of the meristematic region are characterized by their small size. Its size The nucleus is absent because it is also in a state of division. What is the absence of gaps if their defining characteristic is that they multiply? proliferation cells Then we go to the Shkoun area, the Est area If this is a complete elongation, we call it a region. elongation What are the characteristics of the elongation zone? (See yours.) This one below, tell her it's the beginning. Elongation, and this is the region where elongation ends. It starts from here and continues here, we're going to give it a try In level two, and leave it in level three. We're going to see how it will be here. And we'll see how it ends here. Are you? Pay close attention, let's describe the cell. From the second level, which is the starting area Notice the elongation of the cell. It's fairly big, meaning it's starting to get a little bigger, not like This is somewhat large We also note that it is a large nucleus, if it is a nucleus It's big, look at its core, the core that I drew it for you before Noah gaps It's small, so if we can write here what with what The cells in the elongation zone are characterized by The area where the elongation ends is the plane. We have two, and these are three cells. We have a large core; I am conducting a comparison. Also, the cell size is of average accuracy. Also, the presence of gaps small We completed it Everything you need in the methodology of natural sciences And life for all secondary school students in the series The silver in the methodology from A to Z Prepared by Professor Katf Sharif Zeina in cooperation with Akasha Team - Order it now from the nearest bookstore From you, Akasha Library is more than just a publishing house. Akasha wrote: The joy of the baccalaureate is complete Together we will try to draw this cell, we said Medium size We draw the plasma membrane for her. The nucleus is large And then there are small gaps If there are small gaps, this is an area Cell it from the beginning of elongation If we observe another cell at the end, meaning in The end of the elongation zone is here, yes, teacher, let it be. Big, oh, let it be. What? It's a large size, look how long it is! nucleus It's relatively small if it has a kernel Smaller size It's not that big, oh, go to the gaps, trash The succulent cavities, look at the large, mango-shaped cavities. The work is integrated with each other if there are gaps As I told you, it contains water and salts. large Okay, let's draw this cell again. We draw it here, where did we get it from? We got it from the area End of elongation We said leave it large large size There is a cytoplasmic membrane You have a core and you have large modern gaps Size Did you see how I drew it? If so, these are its features. The cells located in each area Meristeme and the elongation zone in reality The matter is if the melistem region occurs within it. Cell proliferation increases their number in the area. Elongation increases volume, and then we'll learn more. How exactly does the size increase? Take that into account. Yes, this cell If cells divide, what will happen next? Let's see, the important thing is that you two focus on what shapes The cells in each region, so here is a region The meristem is a region of cells that proliferate. What is the starting point of the elongation? With small gaps that then grow larger at the end Regarding the elongation in this drawing, we say... sketch interpretative For a clip linear In the end The root, and you can't say it's at the growing tip. For the root This drawing, focus carefully on it, and there are the names This area is a transitional zone, meaning it tells you Balli, the Mistimiya area, and this is an area The beginning of elongation is called a transition zone. As you wish, we can say to her, this is work We call it the transition from meristem to colonization. A transitional zone, if we go back together Some people, after seeing the drawing, said, "If this is it, then say..." region Growth Longitudinal For the plant At the root end and the stem end, this is the area Regarding growth, we say it has no role in growth. This is the growth zone at the growing tip of the root. And the stem now, what are the mechanisms of growth? These are the mechanisms Plant growth, we will return to it together. Primary growth is cell proliferation in the area. melistememia Its method of growth is to increase the dimensions of its meaning. Increased length, increased dimensions of cells in the area These are the elongations you memorize; how do you draw them again? Do you master it? Is it also used in cell regeneration? Do the cells multiply and increase in length, or what? After learning about the mechanisms of plant growth Let's move on to the mechanisms of cell renewal. To him Is cell regeneration also involved in renewal? Cellular cells multiply and increase in length. What? If you have this educational document summer To him Renewal The cellular process refers to how cells are renewed. (Note: This section appears to be a fragment from a larger text and is not directly related to the cellular process.) Here I have the moment of the injury. We haven't seen before that the skin is made of What is skin, dermis, and subdermis? skin This is his whole skin Because the skin consists of a basal layer Its middle and superficial layers, while the dermis lies beneath them. Under the dermis, if the wound is here, what happened? Removal of some cells from where as a result of the wound Now watch this video in full If the wound results in a puncture, then this is the result of removal. A group of cells were lost as a result of the injury. So what happened after that? Your wound will remain open if it doesn't heal. How did it heal? The wound has healed, teacher will tell me the result. These new cells Where did it originate? What is its source? Where did this come from? The cells—notice here if they came from cells The existing class Have you seen these cells from the basal layer? What I previously referred to as stem cells If the cells of the layer are written here as "cells of the layer" Al-Qaeda For the skin, what do we call it? Structural cells mean the origin of cells New What happened to these cells? They migrated. Look and see. What will multiply? That means increase its number to cover that. The wound is to cover that wound if something happens. Cell proliferation occurred The wound healed, meaning after a period of time, they will go. All of these are cells Who allowed these cells to multiply? basal cells Which one is this, the one for the basal layer, if you please? By giving other cells, this is the mechanism of Is cell regeneration an increase after the cell? No Increasing the number, I am this hole So we'll renew it again, but with an increase in length, no By increasing the number, we can describe it here if Let's begin When you see a wound, write "When you see a wound." At the skin level, we observe demise Disappearance means A group of cells The wound But after a while, but after a while We observe migration, we observe migration from migration cells Where is it located in the layer? Al-Qaeda Where did you emigrate to? So we say she emigrated, in order They multiplied "Shsh" means "it multiplied," meaning its number increased. Valtam The wound The wound has healed, we've finished the description, we're done. This description, what do you do in it? It means you describe what You can see that the skin thickness has returned to what it was before. This means the skin here is no longer its normal size. I'm asking you I'm going to ask you what the renewal mechanism is. cellular, give me a method, how even the cells It was renewed, it wasn't, it went away and then it was renewed What is the result? The increase in distance is the result of nothing. Increasing the number, if we can write this as a result The information obtained is a result that is not related. That concludes the description. This is for your information. To him is renewal Cellular How through proliferation cells This means increasing their number Meaning Cell regeneration, which is the renewal of cells What happened here was cell renewal; we brought in other cells. Where exactly in the building blocks of cells are we talking about? Cell proliferation, which we call cells Construction It means it is a constructive thing because it is the origin, meaning What are structural cells? are the cells Which is characterized With her ability On the division These are the stem cells; they are the generative cells, we say. It has germ cells, which is why we call it that. The germ cells give rise to other cells. This is what it meant to focus too much on these. The mechanisms, if we let them create a plan that summarizes everything What we studied about the mechanisms of growth and renewal Cellular growth mechanisms are present here. plant And we have the mechanisms of cell growth and renewal when animal In animals What are the mechanisms of plant growth? What is the purpose of cell proliferation? And to it is an extension cells This means that cells multiply in any region of the body. The area meristematic Cell elongation in the region elongation The meristematic region For cells to multiply Here, cell proliferation increases. In length Here, cell elongation also increases in length. It means the same thing, and therefore, this is where it is located. The melistem zone and the elongation zone, if They are found at the peaks developing For the root and the leg These are the growth zones, but the mechanism you have is a zone. Mystimulation is where cell proliferation occurs. The area of ​​elongation is the elongation of cells. But in animals If he has it here, then cell proliferation is possible. Meaning in animals There are only special cases, but we will mention them. The general condition is cell proliferation. How do cells multiply? Nor in the fabric Content on cells Construction When we say "creative cells," we mean cells It is characterized by its ability to divide. We will explain further. Something very important: I summarized all the details, but how We say to him, the growth of the plant, the plant will go The cells multiply and elongate within it. Animal growth is primarily reproduction. That's how it was, a special case that I won't mention. Let's go to the cell renewal process. How does this happen? Through cell proliferation, meaning if We should go for cellular regeneration itself. Cell renewal is a result of reproduction. We find cells through proliferation, not elongation. This means that the cell is renewing itself; this is called reproduction. This means cell renewal and includes reproduction. Just keep going, focus on the elongation. It is found in plants, meaning it pertains to plants. Master these basics completely because they are very important. Important: Let's do a very simple application. We know, Esco, did you understand or did you notice with me the book? My teacher, page 47, you have cells A, B, and C. And you have the growing tip of the root, the growing tip of the root Assign each cell to its specific region if This is the meristematic zone and this is the elongation zone And here's a colon, we don't care. Colon Let's start with cell A. To which cell do you belong? For elongation and Laerystem Official, Professor It belongs to the elongation Here, because the cell here has large dimensions. Simi belongs to the elongation zone, and precisely here. The end of the elongation means the top is finished. The end of the elongation, we go to the cell Now, observe cell B. Does it have a nucleus? No. If it's a cell in the division phase, then it belongs here If it goes to the meristematic region, because it is divided either This cell, C, notice with me, is small and It's fairly average; you have a nucleus and small gaps. If "J" belongs here, it means "belongs to". The area where the elongation begins is here in the Dobi Taa Elongation and others belonging to the end Elongation is finished, so let's classify it. The meristem is the B cell, not these cells. Jim is here in the elongation zone, starting The elongation is at the end of the elongation, and I said We call this the meristem and its elongation. We can call it a transitional zone, meaning There are some professors They consider it a "li" (a term referring to a region or area) but don't call it a "region." It is transitional and you cannot call it a starting area Elongation is the end of elongation, if this is what This is a simple application; I hope you have found it helpful. You have benefited, even if only a little. Focus carefully on the difference between The indicator, the mechanism, and the region, if you have these. Three key elements that you can adjust for me are growth indicators. You have growth zones And you have these three basic growth mechanisms that If he doesn't know them, it means he didn't study the lesson well. Indicators Growth is an increase in height. Irreversible weight gain What are the growth zones in animals? And when the plant We begin with the growth zones in the animal's tissues. Specialized Among them cartilage tissue The person responsible for Longitudinal growth of bones If among the tissues there is cartilage tissue, then we We studied only one tissue; but in plants, where? Growth zones are found in the growing peaks of the For the root and stem, meaning at the end of this root The stem, and this we call the root What are the mechanisms of growth and renewal? Cellular Towards cell growth and renewal, we begin with you. When the plant And among animals This is how plants grow. If the cells multiply, this is how the C cells are located. Her line contained cell proliferation cells in the area Musteime Its cells are characterized by division. And its length cells in the area elongation thus In animals, however, reproduction is the primary characteristic. cells In specialized areas, meaning the growth mechanism For example, in cartilage tissue, cells have multiplied. In plants, there is reproduction and there is elongation. Cells, or cell regeneration, are characterized by By reproduction only Now we come to mitosis We previously stated that one of the mechanisms of growth and renewal Cellular reproduction or cell duplication We call it mitosis Equal, but before we move on to the phenomenon, in a limit We must define these fundamental concepts ourselves. Because it is important, very important, therefore I advise you With focus and keen observation, let's proceed with God's blessing. God O God, help me in my studies and bless my time. And let the end of my efforts be joyful, O Lord, and grant me success. The most gracious of destinies and the happiest of tidings, O O God, I have wishes in my heart, so grant them to me, for You are the One who... All things are possible. First of all, what do we mean by a cell? So here we go back Regarding the membership progression, if we write "gradation" here Membership What is included in the membership? There are several devices This means the entire membership includes devices, each device It contains members Each organ contains its own tissues. Each tissue contains cells. Follow along with me. Here we will limit ourselves to cells. Now when I say you as a human being, your organic As a human being, it has systems, for example, the respiratory system. For example, a respiratory system What does the respiratory system contain? It contains A group of organs, for example, the lungs Agreed. And what do the lungs contain inside them? A group of tissues For example, blood tissue, such and such tissue, and the tissue if A tissue is a collection of cells What does it mean when someone says "wedding fabric"? The fabric we know is a collection of fabrics. A group of cells The similar one Which leads Same job This is the fabric It contains a group of cells that agree on the organic understanding It exists in plants and animals, meaning it doesn't We don't say it only applies to animals, because humans It is a rational animal; this is the hierarchy of its membership. Let's go to the cell now; we'll make do with two. Types of cells: plant cells And the animal cell, because it's at your level. These are required of you if you want a vegetarian option. Its meaning in plants and an animal cell In animals as in humans Professor, man is an animal. I told you, a rational animal. Let's draw a plant cell together. The plant, first of all, has a wall. cellular This is what I drew in red We write "cellular wall" and we can tell him cellulose wall And we don't call him Picto cellulose What does "shsh" mean, teacher, when we tell you it's a cellular wall? Generally speaking, the cell wall is the same as when we say Cellulose means it is made of cellulose. To say pectulose This means it is made of pectin. And cellulose, what do you want to write? Cellular wall (don't write "cellulose wall"). Do not write "pictocellulose wall" or "membrane" either. This is what we called the cytoplasmic membrane, the one in black, the membrane The matter inside, we called it matter. Then we have another one. This is the nucleus The cell nucleus also contains vacuoles. A succulent cavity containing water and salts succulence It contains water and salts. What does the nucleus contain? What is inside the nucleus? These are called genetic and genetic material We will explain it further later; this is a plant cell. A plant cell has a specific shape. You can find it in this hexagonal shape. You can find it in this drawing. The important thing is a specific shape, and you complete the rest. Data Cytoplasm membrane, nucleus, modern vacuoles, if its shape Determinant for the presence of a cell wall, called the cell wall The cell phone, by God's grace, is what's preventing it. Specific shape But what does an animal cell have? It has a cytoplasmic membrane but no cell wall. She has a cytoplasmic membrane, fix these for me, I need them from After that, she had a hyena. Then also, what else does it have? Small gap nuclei. And then also in the nucleus, what is genetic material? It contains a plant nucleus and an animal cell that are in agreement. These are the basic elements, and there are other things that are not included. You'll be separated in the second year. With God's help, we will follow them now. For example, for an animal cell, I shook this, I turned it. Here is the animal cell, this is the nucleus, pay attention. On the nucleus, there is the inner nucleus first. Something that contains what is known as the nuclear envelope. We tell those coming from abroad that it's a nuclear envelope. That means he will give you the nucleus, a nuclear envelope. This small circle is also called a nuclear circle. And also this interior Should we tell her it's genetic material or not? You are chromosomes, so we will write down the chromosomes and memorize them. It has pigments, but we'll explain more later. What does this nucleus contain? It contains the nucleus, which contains the genetic material. It is the seat of genetic information and is called the nucleus. It is the headquarters Information Genetics means you Eye color, skin tone, and height characteristics The weight is so complete, where is your information hiding? The genetic material is in the nucleus; the nucleus is called the The one who provides everything is the one who provides for you. Your visible characteristics, such as eye color Poetry and other things, now let's move on to types There are two types of cells; there is a cell. Physical and sexual cell, listen to me carefully at the beginning It's difficult, but it's simple. What does that mean? Let it be. The body and sex cells remain in humans. physical For example, a skin cell, a lung cell, a pulmonary cell Any cell in your body is a somatic cell, agreed? This somatic cell, we go, go, what does it mean? Sex cell, what does it mean? Sex, sex This means he will manage reproduction. mating When we say "sexual cell," we mean sperm sperm The ovum "Sperm" means sperm. A sperm is a sex cell. This means that humans will reproduce sexually in it. Where does this sperm come from? From the testicles. This means the member When mentioning a male, we use this symbol. Male and female in the ovary We use this symbol to represent her; this is the symbol for the female. This is the symbol of the male, meaning, so that we may tell you, "Let him be." Nationality: What kind of sperm do you have that comes from the scrotum? And an egg from the ovum secretes these things. These sex cell pools are the sex cells. Sperm and egg in humans, or not in Animals in general, then we'll look at plants. Sh Kain, but the somatic cell is present. Where in your body is a body cell now? Professor, what is the difference between a sex cell and a germ cell? This reproduction involves mating, and this cell The physical body—no, this exists within your body. Now let's go and see inside the cell. What does the human body have? Let's go to Humans, follow along closely as we enter the cell Look what we find here. Did you see the core? We will go inside this core. The nucleus In humans, we find in the somatic cell what Next thread Two threads, two threads each, how do they work together? Pay attention to what I'm saying And the height begins to decrease Each pair of threads together. Each pair of threads together. Inside the core, if there is a central part here, part Your center will explain further This means in the somatic cell We have this inside the core, we're going to find There are so many threads! All materials for all levels in the project Akasha Educational Notice with me that in a somatic cell we find The total number of threads is 46 I didn't draw 46 for you to count them We need to fall into 46 threads, meaning the full number. The number of chromosomes is 46 total. The total number of chromosomes is 46 How are these chromosomes in the cell, inside each pair? Some of them mean we manage two nuns Teacher, "shsh" means 2 "nun" equals 46 formula pigment What does it mean by chromosome? These are inside the chromosomes chromosomes Those chromosomes, their total number is 46. My chromosome 46, those are coming in different lengths Each pair has some of them. "Shsh" means "Noon" (referring to the letter "Shsh"). Noon means copy How many versions are there, for example, of this long one? long chromosome There are two versions available. A pair of copies, add this one, it's long, this one is shorter than it There is one version, two versions, this one is shorter. One pair means each pair is a copy of each other. The total number equals two. Nun equals This number means that the result is the total number. For chromosomes In the cell, in the nucleus Two and two, meaning Number of copies Similar So I can tell you that there are many versions of this. You're telling me about a pair, and this has a pair of copies, meaning a pair, how? Some of them and this and this and continue This means we are telling you the chromosomal formula of this The cell tells me 2 Nun equals 46 Let's clarify further: you are in the section, in the section. The class has 40 students thus And at the tables, how are they sitting? Each table is sitting You and your colleague are sitting at each table. Your colleague Check the number of students in each class. 40, we write 40 40. So how are you all sitting together in pairs? Each pair together means 2 Nun, so it's called Ki We're asking you to provide the wording for your oath, how? You're telling me that 2n equals 40, meaning we all Two people are sitting together, and our number is 40. This need should be applied to the cell. Its nucleus contains chromosomes. How many of those do a person have? I said, "When a person writes here..." When a person has a limit 46 46 Those two are all the same, each pair They are similar in height. There are other details you can find. These are pools, so if you have a pair of copies with some number The complete 46 means all of them are pairs, pairs, pairs A pair of pairs, a complete pair of 46, in the end we won't find Either we find an X on the female, or we don't find an X on Eric. When male You've already read this, never mind, we just changed the wording. You understand the chromosome now, we'll explain it further later. For example, we go to the sex cell. for the sperm When we mention the male, we mention the male so that we can go to the sperm. We pull it out, we find in it, we find in it, a seed That core, what's inside it? It contains chromosomes so we can count the chromosomes. I didn't draw all of them. Theirs every 23 I dyed the inside of the drawing, I didn't draw them all, 23 dyes, the number Total number My souls are trashing here, look at this dye for me The long He's alone, without his friend or teacher with him. He's sitting by himself. poor Tama Wahd, a copy of Barak Kayna, and the one behind him The second teacher is alone, and the one behind him has no one. His owner alone means the height isn't what it seems, and this is just him. It means one person, each one is sitting alone. He doesn't have an equivalent, one version, meaning a copy. There's only one, when I tell you there's only one out of every One person is there, and each person is there, and each person is a copy. Copy copy means, for example, the section where we go The last section we find, we find this in it We go to the department and find their number. Look in Each table has one person sitting alone. One person sits alone at each table. The method We're telling you to give me The number of students is 23. Student, let me tell you how they are sitting, you tell me Each one alone means one copy, meaning each One by one, the copy means the person is sitting alone. Nun equals 23. The same thing was applied here. Somatic cells are paired with sex cells. Each one on his own, that's it. If this is what we say to her The formula for the chromosome is "shtwa," and this word has one nun as its equivalent. 23 things that, when multiplied by one, remain the same If n equals 23 This is the chromosomal formula of the sex cell. It has a formula, for example, here 2n equals 46, we say It has a formula formula pigment This means that the equation is a diploid formula. I mean, he saw them as husband and wife This duality is correct; each one is poor and alone. single chromosome Poor little ones, each one alone, with no one to turn to. Those who are with him should look at these houses; they angered me. At least they have each pair together. Poor guy, he's all sitting alone if you have him here. What is the chromosomal formula? What is that? The equation we write is 2n = 46fu The cell contains 46 chromosomes, each pair is similar to the others. Different in length Long pair, less, less, less, less, etc. Look with me in the textbook After that, we'll go back to her. So, if you notice this with me, this is what humans have. Each pair together Each pair together, each pair, how are they with each other if the number Their total is 46, so when I write 46 here, I say Write the chromosome formula if the number is complete. It is 46. We put 46, what does it equal, and what is it resulting from? Each pair, how some of them are 2 Nun pairs, identical copies 2n equals 46. Go here to the sex cells. Each one alone, this one alone, poor thing, this one alone Count their total number. Kamel is 23 It starts from 1 2 3 4 5 until you reach number 23 now 23 This is each copy separately This only equals 23 in terms of the chromosomal formula. Regarding the germ cell and the somatic cell We will just clarify with a note regarding the cells that We have studied them previously, for example, basal layer cells. For the skin, we said, what does cell renewal mean? Its chromosomal formula is diploid (two). Nun also refers to the cells of cartilage tissue. We discussed its chromosomal formula previously. Two Nun are also meristematic cells, if Also, its chromosomal formula is diploid (two). Nun and so on, meaning these cells that We studied them, so that they could be found in plants, they named them meristematic cells And in animals, they call them cells. Just look at the magnificence of the Creator, Glory be to Him. Let's go, for example, to the sperm. The sperm, are you able to find this sperm in it? This cell has the power. This nucleus Then inside each one alone, each one alone, each They are different in length until we reach The last one, which is either X or not, is not able to be The sperm is in it The other 23 are in it If each one is alone Here, n equals 23, and we can find the nth. It equals 23, meaning either we find an x ​​in it. Either we find Eric there, or we go to the egg. ovum Which is a sexual cell, this is a sexual cell and this is a sexual cell Then N equals 23, meaning each chromosome is one. I dye it one color until I reach number 23, which will be an X. Then during mating, Laviconsion during Insemination God Almighty has ordained marriage for us Lavicondation So that life may continue, if during mating there will The sperm meets the egg in a fertilization process. The meeting of the sperm with the egg, this is the sperm. Look, praise be to God, her n equals 23 This egg has n equals 23, meaning each My dye is one poor thing, and this is the second one, Sh They'll insist on a meeting, they'll insist on a meeting, look! What does the meeting do when mating? Female with male sperm with poda This long chromosome meets the chromosome The long This shorter chromosome meets the other chromosome. Luxor This chromosome, which is less common, meets with this one. In mating, they meet each other, they meet To add again, n equals 23 and n equals 23 Add them together, n with n, and you have 2 n's. Equals 46 You have a new human being, created from sperm and egg. Yuli creates a new hypothesis because this egg The vaccinated This fertilized egg Ultimately, it will either be pair number 23 or It's either X or X meets The X comes and is female, or the X meets with Determining the sex of the fetus is not something we're familiar with. We say that the female is the one who gives birth to the children, no The male determines the sex of the fetus because of the sperm. His thing is either X or Eric. The fertilized egg, glory be to God, divides and divides And this is a new member of the family, this one is after the baby. And after that, a person turns to something else. I understand you in The chromosomal formula was either haploid or monoseminal. Bash, give us the two agreed-upon formulas. I told you about diploid chromosomes, two n's equals Thus, every living organism has a chromosomal formula. For example, in humans, two n's equals 46 These are in somatic cells For example, in peas So you can go inside here Every two, every two So we can count them It is 14 Each pair of copies is identical; 2n equals 14. Then 2n equals 16 beans We're telling you to write Write Its formula chromosome How do you write it? Calculate the total number before adding it. Equal One, two, no, four, four, four Monastery of Lun here Ask, is there only one version of each copy, or not? There are two copies of this one, the one in blue. One chromosome or two, it's all the same. Two copies, total number four Its chromosomal formula is four. We can also draw it. This cell Pay attention to what I'm saying We manage it for you in this way We are managing this chromosome for you With that We give you these shapes; write their chromosomal formulas. Hi, together the total number of chromosomes is one. A pair equals two This total number after that Go to copy to copy What is each copy? Each copy individually means n Two equals one, meaning this is a copy on its own and this is a copy on its own. Let's look at this example: the total number. Count here how many there are. copies There are two copies of this. 2 Nun equals two because they are identical. It may be in length, and so on. Now we move on to Something very important, which is the chromosomes themselves. What are chromosomes and what are their shapes? Follow me closely on this one. We need it during the stages of chromosome division. First, look at the chromosomes and how they are formed. The method string This is a central part; this is a thread. This is a central part There are different types of chromosomes. I will draw for you the first shape, it will be a thread and a cane central part For example, here's a thread and a central part, so we can come here. These are a similar pair If a pair of similar threads is called a thread, then we call this thread a thread. Chromatini Chromatine thread, or rather, we don't say 70 thread This chromatin has a central part; this is a filament. long Tell them that the chromatin threads are long. We will also see this chromatin thread. It doubles It means "Yuli" (it's like this). This thread is doubling, and this other thread is doubling. Also, listen to me carefully, the chromatin thread was He is alone, and this is his colleague. These two together are called a thread. Chromatini This is a poor, delicate thing, and then what? They insist That obesity, in this sense, if he goes to his husband Threads riding on each other, this is too much fat. This also means we should call this thread Chromatini multiple This is my double and this is the second thread of Tiny chroma The duplication of these chromosome shapes is possible; we can find them like this. It's a single thread and has the central part, but we can't find it. double chromatin strand Now you see this chromatin thread The multiplier worked for quail. So, to tell you what will happen to him, it will be a long time. He will turn around This will turn into a yule like this And this is the second one that keeps turning around, look with me How did it happen? Look how we draw Or the twist decreases in length and increases in size. What should we call this? This is a central part. central This is what we call "Sbaghi" multiple Please fix these chromosome shapes for me. How are you able to find the shapes of the chromosomes? Or we find each thread separately, with a central part. Either we find a duplicated chromatin thread, or we look The double chromatin wraps around the yuly in this way. His length decreases, his size increases, what does he become? You have a duplicated chromosome. Why? One central This is July 2nd, what's going on? And then we treat him in this way What's up? كاين كروماتيده اذا هذه نعود We call them chromatids This is a chromatid; therefore, this is the length of a chromatid. The one I colored green So we say two chromatids He is Like a butterfly Yes, and this is a central part. We call this chroma The one who colored it chromatid two chromatid It is important for us to understand if this chromosome divides. It separates itself; how do we find it? This is separated. They fought in this way This alone And this alone, this is a chromatid. This is the second chromatid If this is what we call it, call it dye. One chromatid one This is the second chromosome Picromatid One more time you understand what this means Details for managing mitosis I need you to fix these for me The pigments initially form threads. Chromatin: Each individual strand has a central part. Then, she tightens that thread, which is called this This method doubles what you eat, and you gain weight. Look at how the chromatin thread has doubled. Each thread has a pair. Connected to the central part, i.e., that thread The multiplier is turning and will rotate So that he may wrap himself around you, may he may give you double sprinkling Two chromatides, meaning this is the first chromatid. The second chromatid comes together In the central part and this duplicated chromosome These two chromatids are chromatid. Its chromatids are connected to each other and are capable of separating. You have this chromatid pigment and this chromosome. Let's now represent a cell with its chromatids. Let this cell be a good one, follow me closely. Write down the chromosome formula and calculate the number for me. One, two, three, four, or my teacher made a mistake. Normally we count this as one, this as a pair, and this as a pair. Three, and this is four, and this is five, and this is six, and this is Seven, and this is eight, no, you wrote them as four. How are you calculating? You need to calculate it this way. This is the central part, the central part In the central part, the human being perceives For example, Kissman, we'll tell you again... I wish that you would marry a servant so that you would become a husband. His worship is like a sap that remains the same, and he became fat like that, the pigment. Kisman means "to double," so calculate by one. Even if it's fat behind, count it as one. If this is one, this is two, this is three, and this is Four means you calculate using the central part. Beware of making the mistake of thinking this way; do not think this way. Write the number of the central part: 1, 2c, 3, 4 The number of chromosomes equals four. Also, how many copies, how many copies for each pair? Some of them, every two, may have some of them, two by two, 2 n The formula is 4. Let's give you another example. Write the formula. I told you how to calculate the chromosomes of this cell. How do you calculate using the central part of this? We call it one central part and three-four Five, six, six, the whole number is six, the total number Copying each pair together, each pair how Some of them are identical pairs. Pair, pair means two, each pair They are identical in number, most likely six. You will find this in the exercises, you will find 2 Does four equal two? Does n equal six? Two n equals, then we calculate it as one even. In the central part, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 equals 8. Each pair is identical, each pair is a copy, how are some of them paired? 2 Nun equals 8, so if that's too much, they'll give it to you. With Akasha's books, the joy is complete and the highest comes. The average is high, and the ululations of success will follow, God willing. Akasha Library is more than just publishing And he can come to you in this way, notice with me if It wouldn't be doubled if it were done this way. for example this This is a chromatid chromosome This is a single-chromatid chromosome. This is a single chromatid chromosome, and this is a chromosome. The number 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the sequence means... Each pair is a copy of how some of them, 2 Nun, equals four. This is the formula I drew for you, my dye. This is non-double and this is double-chromatin, thickening of this work Fat and thin, meaning the chromosomal formula It remains the same: 2n equals 4, 2n equals 4. This poor fat guy, look how much he's doubled up! Too much, and this is delicate, so everyone should be alone here. This with this isn't doubled, look here with me So that you can only sort the information if we come We calculate this as a double chromosome, double chromosome, double chromosome. Double chromosome, double chromosome, so we can tell you double chromosome We write here chromosome Double chromatid With her, this is so we can come here, oh, you fat one multiple It is double-chromatid because it has two chromatid chromatids. These and these are chromatids; call it a duplicated chromosome. Pycryptoids, total number one, two Three or four, I told you to calculate using the central part. We write four These four, each pair equals the others, so if 2 are nuns Equals 4, the opposite is K, Ngio here, this is my chromosome, okay? A duplicated scrosome; a single-chromatid achromatic chromosome Poor thing, this is a thin, chromatid pigment. This is the color of my brother, with his chromatids, meaning when I come We draw it for you like this, you calculate it as one, and this is its owner. This is one person and this is his friend; if this one we call him "dye" Picromatid one Just so we can count one, two, three, four Calculate the trash of each pair, how some of them are 2n equal 4 If they find this chromosomal formula, 2n equals Four times the chromosome is duplicated, and you will find it. The chromosome is not duplicated, meaning it's the same as this fat pool. This is only delicate if these are all the details. Before we go to mitosis The equalizer that has four stages, stage Preliminary stage, tropical stage Separatism and the final stage are what awaits us. Many things happen during the stages of mitosis. The equal, by the grace of God Almighty. Notice here with me In the animal cell, inside the nucleus here When a cell is active, we find what is known as In the case of chromosomes, the chromosome is duplicated and consists of Two chromatid cells are originally linked to the central part. Why are they called chromosomes? Because they are objects that can be colored, this is the reason. Its name and also in the internal dye They received what is known as the call to prayer, we hear a lot about it. The call to prayer (adhan) means the carrier of genetic information. So this is regarding the genes within the chromosomes. Division The thread we understand is equal thread. What is its phenomenon? Vitality means it occurs in living cells if It is found in cells snake Then this mitotic mitosis Look at the experiment we conducted in the department. If we go here to the onion, we put it in What did the roots grow in? Then, if we... Microscopic laboratory work And then we will detail in each stage the need that You'll figure it out with me: four stages of division, healing There are four of them, we'll write them here. Come on, repeat them with me. stages mitosis as a strand The equal number is four. This is a preliminary stage. God is the introductory one tropical phase Dozyam is a separatist stage. Troyism is a stage Final The other ones, these four, memorize them, we'll give you a good talking to. Be cautious with them because some people told me they were teachers. Come back and tell us what we need to memorize now, so we can focus on you. What things should be memorized during these stages? Four things you must memorize But Before the cell undergoes division, we give you Additional things, so that you understand me, what's the rule? We will manage a preparatory stage for you. division, if there is a note there phase precedes Division Known by stage The Intermediary Your understanding of it is very, very good. The net division precedes the division in this The stages are correct, but there is one stage, how? Understanding this will make this matter much easier for you. We'll give you an example we're going to study now. Plant cell division: we will do this example. On the division of a plant cell Let's assume this is a plant cell, if you have one. This cell wall This is a cell wall Cellular, then after that plasma membrane This is the cytoplasmic membrane, and then the cytoplasm. Then after that you have Nawa Hi Noah Then we have succulent gaps Let's assume they imposed this cell. Where is this cell? in meristematic zone In the meristematic region, we said that the cell This is in the meristematic region. We will mention this again at the end. The root is the mycetemic region, highlighted in red. And above it is the elongation zone. They healed her, and this is the melistine area. Now, we said that meristematic cells are characterized By dividing, by multiplying, by replicating, look at the cell Let's assume we give you this one two three Let's assume four They calculated for me here the paths, what is in them, is there It contains chromosomes; that's what the products are called. Hani's chromosomes, I gave them to you, let's suppose they calculated this for me Each thread has a central part. Each thread has a part. Each thread has a central part; each thread has a central part. The central part of this cell is a cell in a state of She's still at peace, poor thing. What wedding? We'll use weddings as an example. The cell is in a state of rest; the wedding hasn't started yet. This is a resting state, give me the formula chromosome, write, write Its formula The chromosome count, I told you to count the number Okay, let's start with one, two, three, four The total number is four. The entire set of chromosomes, each pair is the same. How do they pair each other? Two, meaning a pair, copies of pair. Copy a pair, copy two, copy two, copy each pair Your mind will be divided, it will be divided After a while, you'll get a pair of cells; I don't care. In you This pair of cells needs to be installed. We have to find them this way. How is she? These are two cells The division, God willing As we say, it's extra before it's finished. The division is one thing, but when it comes back, it will manage wedding The wedding preparations begin, and God prepares himself beforehand. He buys things, he buys comfort, he is happy, he will manage Kato will be present if he goes to manage a phase. Preparing for the wedding; the wedding is the division Equal thread, preparatory stage This is my soul, guys, oh, this cell Those who were resting, get active or come wedding The cell here, what does it become? Does it grow? Let her grow up so we can tell you what will happen to her when she grows up. What will happen to her? They will double the things that We're there, let's start buying clothes. activity She's about to start, God willing, she's preparing for the next stage. Bene What happens to the cell during that intermediate stage? The result of the nutrition is that it is growing and becoming more active. If it's not being properly nourished, it will just lose weight. Did you see that thread that was in the kernel? This thread, this first thread, this second thread This is the third thread, and this is the fourth. They are healing. Malih, what will happen to them? They'll double up. These things inside are called chromosomes. We call them chromosomes, but in reality, we are... We call them chromatin threads, threads like threads Chromatin, and we don't call it dyed. Chromatic threads So, it's actually chromosomes, but The scientific name is called chromatin threads. Here, the double chromatin threads take over. The double, these doubles, and how is this, teacher? The doubles The one who started buying these clothes, then... This is what we have; we have chromatin threads. These are double-stranded, double-layered chromatin threads. God bless them, they brought a lot of things, they're leaving They manage the wedding if the doubling process takes place here. Then you fall into the girls' cells. Some of them If so, what is the benefit of the preparatory phase? The preparatory phase requires me to have 10,000 We'll collect another 10,000 so we can give them to you. 10,000 and your friend 10,000 I'm sorry, I'll give you the exact amount you need. I'll double mine beforehand so I can divide it among you. That's how the cell works, what does it do? It has a fast. Threads, what do you do? Double it, multiply it, so that... After that, you can divide it if this is the intermediate stage. It's a very important stage; whatever happens, it doesn't happen. Mitosis, if you leave it in In what state is the chromatin filaments active? Take double the formula, we'll manage it together. chromosome Two nuns equals four. Let's calculate it together. Here we calculate how to calculate, don't calculate by string Calculate using this central part We call it a central part Suntromir central part This is a chromatin thread, a chromatin thread, if One, two, three, four, we write Each pair is like its own. Each pair is like its own. 2 Nun It equals 4, so you're asking me, "Teacher, why didn't you calculate it?" One of us, two, three, four... no, you're not human, I told you. Kissman, this man is gentle. We consider him one person, not a pair of servants. We consider him one person, like that thread Chromatin is a single unit, so we count it as one. We'll keep counting it as one, like a fat man's job. The healing properties of the body are only effective if this stage is reached. Don't memorize the text; I've only explained it to you. So you understand what I'm going to do, let's go now to Stages of division, these are the stages of division. The wedding preparations have begun. The division, let's begin, in the name of God we begin In the preliminary stage, she healed him. How was it? Look with me, what's going on? Let's tell you, as we say, the first day of The wedding is on the second or third day if the cell is in The beginning, see how it is Notice with me if you have a membrane on your wall, what will happen? This core of ours is what we have below, we will return We draw it as The duplicated chromatin threads begin as The threads start to rotate; look at the chromatin thread. The multiplier starts spinning because it's long, poor thing, it starts What is the source of this, and this is the second thread that Tawalu wraps Did you see how he twisted? This also wraps around Her length needs to decrease in order for her to come out It's enough that the serotonin needs to reduce the length. This maneuver makes her turn away in this way. Look how it turns Take over in this way Let's draw it In this way Look, let's draw these two. And these little ones, how are they doing? Here she is, and this is the second time she's turned around. chromosomes What do you call it, "Mnoujah Shash"? This we call duplicated chromosome duplicated chromosome two chromatid chromosome multiple Double, but it's only one when I count one Yes, he is fat and has a pair of these duplicated chromosomes. This is the first chromatid, the one I drew in green. First chromatid And it contains the second chromatid from top to bottom if My chromatid is a chromatid, if it is a chromatid It's just a name, and these are its chromatids. We go back to saying it's a duplicated chromosome with its own chromatids. But don't forget that all these things They are in the intermediate stage because they have doubled. The chromatin threads are at this stage. After that, we start with the preliminary stage. You should memorize it in the preparatory year. If the chromosomes become duplicated, what happens? Write it like this if you memorize it in this stage The preliminary stage becomes chromosomes multiple Each chromosome two chromatid You need to know what this means. Doubled chromosome in its chromatid and in its chromatid If the chromosomes become duplicated, each chromosome We also add two chromatid chromatids. What happens next? What is the cytoplasm condensing here? Did you see? This cytoplasm, which is here, begins It thickens, it begins to gather, it collects at this pole. This pole is the North and South Pole. The method, then, is for the cytoplasm to assemble. The cytoplasm gathers and condenses; this is how it comes into play. Instead, we call it a polar skullcap. So what is a polar hood if it is combined? Cytoplasm at the poles means aggregation The cytoplasm is where the spindle fibers begin to emerge. When these threads emerge, we call them spindle threads. Al-Laluni It thickens cytoplasm At the poles of the cell problem Qalonsu Its polarity is increased at each pole; this has intensified. The cytoplasm begins form threads The color spindle Yes, the achromatic spindle threads begin to form after Do you know her? They also destroyed this nuclear envelope, my brother, the nucleus. We studied the core previously, let's go back to it. The nucleus has a nuclear envelope and chromosomes. The interior and the nucleus, if this is the nuclear envelope, begin They are fading away, representing you in this way. dashed lines Like this, dashed lines fading cover nuclear Here too, in the preliminary stage, it will disappear. The point we explained earlier, we also said It is found in the nucleus, called the stage The preparatory stage also disappears; this means For your information only Here we can call this chromosomal, or we can say chromosome It means labels only, either "Sabghy" or "Ama" Should we say chromosomes or chromosomes? A cellular wall can provide you with data You have this one above in the plant cell. You call it a polar colon Result of cytoplasm aggregation The method is staining with two chromatids. Because it spiraled, because it unraveled If these are the foundation In the stage The preliminary stage we call it "provaz" Preliminary stage Pro Provaz Provaz, this is where we started Which is the stage Metavaz Provaz Metavaz Threads form The color spindle The pole and under the second, we call it a colon Bon, we finished it. tropical If you line it up, write it as "line it up" chromosomes Doubling In the middle The cell is fixed by threads The color spindle This central part I put down the thread, but I didn't know how to draw the dye further. If this cell has a duplicated chromosome It gives you the data Tropical painting If this is where the problem lies The painting tropical These are the ones you memorize by drawing them These qualities protect them reservation enough duplicated chromosome Anavaz Everyone goes their own way. What's going on, teacher? If you leave it wall plasma membrane then polarity Look with me, pull occurrence Tighten the threads spindle Al-Laluni Let's draw it again, it was here the first The second one who was here chromatid If here separation chromatid That's not how it works. Picromatid one It means it has a central part thus chromosome And migrate to one of the poles Laloni Laloni For the stage Final Final Tello Tello won He insists on it This is the inner membrane First thing It begins Here's what you have to do with this chromatid pigment This first one is a chromatid. chromatid pigment The second chromosome has a third chromatid. Here is my chromosome. Pychromatid IV, and this is the same here. Pigmented chromatoid And you have a chromatoid stain and a chromatoid stain We finished it Dark Sh Saliyah It has a mitotic mitotic division. Listen carefully. split linear The threads are equal in length, we divided them equally Equally, each one gets what they deserve. His right is the cell, glory be to God, and rights extend to one another. Everyone gets what they deserve, and division ensues. split Core content The division is spreading Cytoplasm, look, glory be to God, we say to Him Nuclear division, cytokinesis, cell cycle This is what she says She tells her, "Why did you give me my rights?" Or we need to divide the cytoplasm as much as you can. Your cytoplasm and I'll take the cytoplasm This part of mine we call cytoplasm cover His polarity is gone Cellular plate New All materials for all levels in the project Akasha Educational Then the beginning of the formation of the envelope The plate forms Cellular In the middle of the cell And after that, Sh. Yasra This type Did you see this? (This is a chromatid dye) spiral Yuli long thread This was two cells two cells Two girls identical And similar for the mother cell This is the beginning of the end The beginning of the final And this is the end Final four Some of them, if Later long And suddenly, he turns around in this way. The rose is like this Why? What is the reason for the chromosomes to come out and be found? The cell is small, the group is there It's small, so it needs a place around it. My Lord, the spiral is decreasing in length, decreasing, decreasing It's so low that when you go out you won't find a place to sit because The cytoplasm here contains many chromosomes. He gave you 2 Nun, which equals 4, and He is able to give you 2 Nun. That equals 6, then we'll add more examples. Others, God willing, will notice this with me. If you look at this at the end of the root under a microscope Photogrammetry: Look at the stages with me Did you notice this microscopic observation? This is a diagram; if it can be extended to you... The exercises are observed microscopically and can be extended to you Layout drawings What is the chromosome formula here? 1 2 3 4 Where n equals 4, it tells you to write the formula. The pigment also has characteristics, and what is preserved if We said in the preliminary stage the beginning of the end The nuclear envelope also contains duplicated chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of two chromatids, and if the outer layer is removed We also said nuclear They say it forms a polar sol. And the beginning of the emergence of the non-color spindle threads, if these Also, the basics of the tropical phase The formation of the achromatic spindle threads is complete. If they are completed The duplicated chromosomes are located in the middle of the cell. Tropical plate problem Also, after that, we have the separation phase. Tighten the threads of the spindle, color, if each one pulls for its own purpose. If each chromosome separates into chromatids, then Chromosomes are non-duplicated; each chromosome is divisible. My chromosome has one chromatid. only As for the final stage, if you have a beginning The final and the end of the final if the chromosomes That's every chromosome that increases in size. See how sadness disappears It regains its chromatinous strands, which were previously... These are the basics of the stages as well. Look with me in The textbook provides you with exercises capable I told you, this is a microscopic observation. Some of us, where are they in the middle? If so We call it the tropical stage, as they tell you to explain. You tell me that the chromosomes are located in the middle The cell is a problem with the equatorial panel. Are you awake? Let's start here, each one at a different stage. The separative reason is that you tell me that the chromosomes What is each of them at one of the cell's poles? Add This is all separate if this is the final stage The preliminary stage: You're awake? Look, here we begin. Let's get to know each other, so what should we do and what should we do? Exercise: See what you know and tell me, teacher. This seems to me to be a preliminary stage. Because where will this nuclear envelope disappear to? The chromosomes are duplicated. After the preliminary stage, what is the tropical phase? This is wrong, teacher, this is wrong, this is wrong The equatorial region is above because the chromosomes are in the middle. The cell is a problem with the equatorial plate, and these are the ones They're coming with lipstick, these are the threads of the colorful spindle Those who come with blue, these are the pigments and those They come with lipstick, they are the threads of the colorless spindle We also go here, yes, teacher, they separate separatism If it separates, each chromosome with its chromatids is lost. One of the cell poles is pulled apart as a result of the spindle fibers being stretched. And these, these, here, each one came at a pole, so here This is the beginning of the final stage. And look here at the threads of the spindle, see the threads The spindle attaches the chromosome to its central part. This is a duplicated chromosome, this is a central part, and then... What will happen if the chromatid goes downwards? This type of chromosome is called a chromatid chromosome. one And look here, the chromosome is coiled, did you see the thread? How is it a spiral? The cell plate, I understand it, look how Those vesicles form the platelet. This cellular division occurs in a plant cell. We haven't even started on animal rights yet, so watch this with me. In blue and red, the method is like this The book is like a home for you, like this Before my drawing This flower is in pairs, some of them What is the difference? Blue And what If complete Chromatin So these are all the details of mitosis. The isotropic in a plant cell, and you could say The same thing happens in animal cells. But there are some differences, look here with me I didn't understand the details of the division of the cytoplasm. Only if you both memorize all these basics If this is the preliminary stage, the name is Sawa. The final and detached cell is 2n. T=Wi 4 can give you 2n equals 6, meaning most The exercises are: 2n equals 4 or 2n equals 6. How does 2n equal 6h, teacher? 1 2 3 4 5 6 Six, I told you to calculate the central part as work Raho Sabghy Samin Barak, then we'll start with this one. From the father, and this is from the mother, and this is from The father, and this is from the mother, from the father, and from When a mother has work, she has work just like us. Red and black are like us, so we can come here. For example, this is a representation of how each pair behaves. It means each pair has two of them, each pair has Some of them are two nuns, each pair is a nun, some of them are two nuns That equals 6, and we don't like to deal with these pairs. Some of them are blue, some are pink, and we'll add more. These are the ones that are less than them in blue We don't need to worry about these few; we'll see them. In red It's smaller because it decreases every time, or we'll do this. Acting, either we do this in two correct ways Do you prefer to serve each pair in the same color, or They served without the color of the father and mother Let's clarify something very important, which is the difference between Mitosis in a cell Animal and plant cells, look with me You have the stage What they disagree on is the preliminary stage. And the stage Telova and the final cell Animal science is important and very important; I have studied it with you. need She also has a hyle She also has a nucleus You don't need to memorize it. What happens? Cytoplasm is something they call central centrosome Centrosome We call them chromatin threads What is a duplicate? Introductory tropical phase Separation phase This cell The threads of the non-color spindle form They only start if it's the beginning. beginning Threads form spindle Al-Laluni In this way central part how It has chromosomes and chromatids This nuclear envelope, this line I turned it here, and now it begins to fade, to recede, to vanish. If it's the preliminary stage, we'll repeat it together. What will happen if the chromosomes are duplicated? These chromosomes are duplicated, each chromosome Two chromatids, if this is the chromosome, this is the chromosome We say it's a dichromatic chromatoid. The spindle threads are formed from where they originate. centrosome Let's go to the tropics, what's the point? The formation of the achromatic spindle threads is completed and they are positioned You see what I'm talking about? These are the ones Keep them in place to ensure the complete formation of the spindle threads. Al-Laluni The chromosomes are placed The duplication occurs in the middle of the cell. Look how it happens. It is positioned This central part is the one that connects to the threads. Here it is, tied up, the thread must be removed from the part The central thread is pulled out from the central part. We add the other one if the chromosomes are positioned The duplication occurs in the middle of the cell if this is the location. problem Tropical painting, tropical painting We've finished with the tropical region if the chromosomes are in the middle. Each chromosome is linked to the spindle threads. The achromatic phase of cleavage, so what? It is happening Let's draw the cell again here. tighten These threads are stretched at their individual levels. Pull the cell poles, one pole at a time, pulling the threads taut. That poor achromatic spindle It was a duplicate in the chromium chromatid. Because the pigment here is for drawing, I told you this The chromosome contains a duplicated chromosome. What does this have? chromatid From top to bottom, the chromatid And this is what follows the chromatid These are just names for chromatid chromatids. His chromatid separates, oh, his chromatid goes away The chromatid goes downwards, and that's the part. The central part of the cell moves towards one of its poles alone. It looks up, one goes down if you turn it, then pull The storage threads separate chromatically, causing the dye to erode. We've finished with the separatists, let's move on to the final. The final outcome: What happens? Suffocation occurs. Suffocation happens in... suffocation With me Spindle threads Beginning of suffocation See everything chromatid pigment It will ultimately happen if In the end, what happens? You have the centrosome This central particle remains 4 = 2n = 4 division The Intermediary They are heading towards one of the poles Central The nuclear envelope and nucleolus are formed at each pole. This is where what is known as constriction occurs, meaning it divides. The contents of the cytoplasm if each cell takes a part From the cytoplasm, asphyxiation occurs until Eventually, two identical daughter cells are formed. And they are similar to the parent cell as well, with regard to The plant cell is in its final stage here. Cell plate formation occurs when the cell plate is formed. The difference between an animal cell and a plant cell Look, you two can get it during the exercises, let it be. It's plant-based, and you can get an animal cell; the difference is... Where is Kain Kain in the preliminary stage here? And Kain is in the final stage, he wrote it. Here are the differences, Abarsa, everything, how is it? His teacher, because he is in the preparatory stage in cell animal Achromatic spindle fibers are formed from the particle Central, if we write it here Let's start with an animal cell and a plant cell. Preliminary stage Where do the threads of the stromal originate? The threads are formed Where does the achromatic spindle come from in relation to the centrosome? Centrosome Where do the spindle fibers form in a plant cell? The Lalouni wasn't Centrozoom, there was nothing there. Cytoplasmic condensation. Look at the condensation with me. The cytoplasm we called the polar cell If it forms From the cloak First, the polar one Which is condensation cytoplasm At the poles They healed her, but the animal cell did not. The animal cell has a centrosome Centrosomes are the central particle from which cells are formed. Don't forget. It doubles first, and then it forms. We go Final stage What happens in an animal cell in the end? How does the cytoplasm divide? The nucleus divides. Tell me, what happens during cytoplasmic division? Congestion in the middle of the cell; it lacks structure. The cellular platelet does not have congestion. It is happening suffocation In the middle cell Only the plant cell, may God bless it. If there is no congestion, the cellular platelet forms. It is happening form The plate cellular In the middle of the cell, these are the differences between Mitosis in a plant cell Animal in the preliminary stage, the beginning of thread formation From the central particle, and finally you have Suffocation occurs when the plant cell forms The threads tell me you are a master, and the spindle threads What do we do with this? This is what we're connected to. These are the chromosomes that come here and get corrected If there were no threads on the spindle, how would they be straightened? The greatness of the Creator is always necessary. Here you will discover what creativity and greatness exist. It means, thank God for all His blessings, it means threads This color spindle, look at its purpose It is surrounded by chromosomes and its target It divides the chromosomes if you have the cell. The plant stages We see it here in the textbook and with books Akasha's joy is complete with his baccalaureate success. God, first of all, pay attention to me She doesn't have a wall. Notice if she does. The central particle, don't forget that's what we call it With two chromatids or direct, let you know Because it became coiled The middle of the cell is better Rahi in the house Introductory Introductory, then What tropical plants do you have? There are separatists separatism Then, after the separation, look, there's a final solution. Five, and this is the last one. So here at the end, all Let it become a girl's cell with all the details. So this is regarding the important division between you two Focus on the fact that the division has four stages This is what we need you to focus on: the chromosomes and The attributes refer to each stage, what it contains, and what it represents. On the plant cell The animal cell We now reach the final point, which is the length of the rope. We previously learned that cells are part of a living organism. He spoke at his level about the phenomenon of growth and the phenomenon Cellular regeneration: What are the mechanisms of growth? We said that it is cell proliferation And what else, in addition? Its dimensions, if that's the way it works, the mechanisms of growth, and we said Also, what are the mechanisms of renewal? Cellular cell regeneration, as we said, is a process About reproduction cells We also learned about the mechanism of reproduction of Cells, whether in growth or cell regeneration It goes through four stages, if that is, the stages of division thread The equal is called a doubling Cellular or cell replication means from a cell After a while, one will become two daughter cells. They are identical and similar to the parent cell, and this is what It allows for growth and cell regeneration, but Now we move on to a very important point: how to increase length We said that the cells in the plant In the end root Or the end of the stem, what we call the peaks developing These growing points, for example, here at the root We found the colon and then the melioid zone. Then the elongation zone, if growth is the growth zone It is the root end and the stem end. We are now focusing on It is characterized by its reproduction It means it reproduces quickly if there is reproduction. For cells As for the elongation zone, the cells increase Its dimensions But how do we increase the dimensions of the cell? We already know. The question is as follows: Summer He was arrogant cells in the area elongation From the end Describe the evolution plant cell So what do we have? Cell wall, plasma membrane, this This is a mess This is a cellular wall And we have a nucleus, so this is a nucleus. What happens if this cell If medium gaps start to grow It became elongated It becomes a large cell And the nucleus We'll write together if there's an end root Absorption occurs What Grow gaps succulent gradually As a result of what? نتيجه امتصاص الماء والاملاح So it fills up, so it fills up Some then merge gaps succulent together To form gap succulence large So press on cellular walls It lengthens In your textbook Here's what's happening. Pay close attention and watch. The increasing dimensions of meristematic cells show a change in size. We understand what meristematic means Significantly in the growth of gaps Look how small the gaps are. What does it mean when it swells up? As a result of water and salt absorption Then those gaps merge together. The problem is a large gap; that gap is pressing on If walls press against walls, what happens? So it expands, increasing the distance between these cells. The changes occur in the elongation zone. Here, the region of elongation is one. Meristematic zones two, three, and four And five of these are areas of elongation, tell me why Professor, you know, you are a promirani You're still in Premiere, Rani, Doziam, Ani, and Ba, you're going. For the sake of emphasis, you understand me if that's how it is in the elongation. This is the beginning of the elongation, and this is in The average and this is the end of the elongation. The end of the elongation, the other length of This elongation, this is what they were preserving, this is this Remember it, for example, he tells you that summer has become long, and he can He gives you a document and tells you to analyze it, or not He tells you it's summer if you memorize this Where does this happen? If you can, draw a conclusion. For example, he tells you to analyze what you need to know about the document. The document is such and such, where we notice it drops to the line. This is written after the conclusion. An increase occurs Dimensions The cell in the area Elongation, here's the deduction I told you here that he would tell you to analyze if it was The instruction tells you Analyze the document. Write a description of the document. Diagrams of the elongation mechanism where we observe This is written after the conclusion that an increase occurs The dimensions of the cell in the elongation zone. I am here. I told you to describe, meaning describe your pools without making any mistakes. Conclusion, but the thing that must be done is to ask you. On it Who is this cell anyway? Where did it come from? Look at the cell with me First, this meristematic cell... meristematic The meristematic cell will divide and give you a pair. The cells of the skin are well, the meristematic cell is gone. Each cell reproduces to give you a pair of cells. Agreed, two identical and similar daughter cells For the onphotocopy cell One of the meristematic cells ascends to the region elongation The other one enters into a new activity, meaning those. The husband is a sister, the husband is a brother, those are the ones, one of them Her mother's trembling is because of that cell. The first one, so that it would be divided, would be gone. You have a pair of cells, this is the mother cell and this is the mother cell The mother's fate is sealed, the mother died, and this is her fate. This is a girl's cell And the cell, the girl, the girl, now what happens to the cell? This girl Tuli is the mother of Tremblay, her mother, meaning Monastery of Division The other one tells her, "You're my sister, you're going to be a hyena." The division, I swear, we should go and do one thing I'm going to the park, safe travels, no, you Your brother and I both need to do the same thing now. Your brother is doing one thing and you're doing another, so here's one The two daughter cells continue to divide; this one remains. You're dividing yourself into two groups, you're dividing yourself into two groups. Sit down and divide yourself, you and your mother. The other cell ascends to the elongation zone. This cell, which comes here, is called a meristematic cell. To ascend to the elongation zone, C-B-N-Ma Tulish is divided, we won't tell her to leave it. Myristeme does not overstep its bounds. And it becomes an elongated cell that takes over in the region Elongation occurs when division results in two cells. Two daughter cells, one of which continues to divide. In the meristematic region As for the other cell, what happens to it if it increases? Then gradually, each time, the distance between them increases. So, if we were to classify these, how would we do that? We find them, how do we find them? Here we find the cell. First, do it this way, then the second cell, then The third cell means that each time it increases in distance They agree that this is the way to be disrespectful. We'll give you another piece of information: there's a Merisimé area. The elongation zone and the area above it. The differentiation was only done so that we could reach the hair. The mask, we understand it, see if there is one. Above, after the elongation zone, is there a zone? Differentiation: what will happen in it? That's what we'll find out. On him in the episodes The coming days, God willing, will bring healing to those who are in need. Above the elongation zone lies the differentiation zone. This is what was meant by their reservations about it being an overreach. These modern cells and gaps contain water. And the mineral salts heal the cell. meristems reproduce After multiplication, two daughter cells are formed, one of which The two daughter cells continue to reproduce, while the cell The other one ascends to the elongation zone and increases After that Here we have reached the end of this I hope you have benefited from the video, even if only slightly The few things you need to memorize are This is how the cell elongates, and you must remember this. The two daughter cells resulting from the region After reproduction, one of the meristems remains. They reproduce in the meristematic region and the other They rise upwards and lengthen, meaning these are the ones Their entire conversation is being recorded; these people will come in The exercises, by the grace of God Almighty, Glory be to You, O God With praise to You, I seek Your forgiveness and repent to You. May God protect you. That's fantastic! I've finished the entire video. Thank you! Thank you for all this time and attention. Attention should be paid to all the various lessons and exercises. You will find them in videos on my channel. YouTube, the master of secrecy, is here with you to build a foundation. Strong for the Baccalaureate certificate is our constant motto. Excellence or success, I trust in each and every one of you. com