All right. Good morning, everybody. How are you? Ohayou gozaimasu. Ohayou gozaimasu. Great to be with you this morning. We have an incredible morning speaker. How many of you are interested in the future of robotics? All right. Well, you're in the right place then. Fantastic. You got the right guy. Brett Adcock. Come on out, Brett. Brett, great to have you. Welcome to Dreamforce. Thanks, Brett. Everybody here is interested in robotics. We're going to have a great time. You brought some friends here. Do you want to introduce these guys before we get going? Yeah, our friends. Yeah, nice to meet everyone. I'm Brett Adcock. This is our basically three generations of humanoid robots at Figure. So on the right, we have Figure 1, which is our first generation that we unveiled. We actually had this robot walking in under a year since we started the company, which is really fun. And this is our second generation robot, figure two. And then last week we unveiled figure three, basically our latest generation robot. Very good. All right. Well, let's talk, Brett. Come on. Let's have a seat. All right. Okay. So, Brett, you are, well, you know, I don't think a lot of people really know you and your background and kind of your Midwest roots. So why don't you just tell us a little about kind of where you're from, your background, kind of, you know, how you grew up, and then before we jump into all the good stuff. Yeah, sounds good. And thanks for having me. This is like an incredible event. We are thrilled to have you, actually. So thank you for being here. So I grew up in the Midwest, central Illinois, actually on a third generation farm. We basically raised corn and soybeans. And then basically since high school, middle school, I started building software companies in tech. So now it's been about 20 years or so, building technology businesses. I spent about 10 years building software companies, ended up selling one, and then started a company about eight years ago called Archer Aviation, built an electric aircraft, and then started to figure about three and a half years ago. so we build um humanoid robots so um now before you get in there i you went pretty quick because i do think people don't really know what archer aviation is and how incredible that is in the work you did so why don't you just kind of just hit exactly why that is what that is because it's so relevant before you bridge into figure yeah so so at archer we build electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft so it's like kind of a lot of words but basically we're building like a like basically a fully electric helicopter merged with an airplane that can basically move people in and around cities. So the goal is like roughly half the world lives in cities today. We're stuck in traffic. I was stuck in traffic on the way here. I could have used one this morning. I know. We all need them. So our goal here is to basically help solve this congestion by moving things into the air. You can do that now with fully electric propulsion systems. It makes it far safer, cheaper. You can basically just build an overall better product. So we've now designed five generations of aircraft at Archer. Our current version, Midnight, is a piloted four -passenger aircraft that we're working to certify here in the U.S. at the FAA right now. You made a point to focus on the word piloted. The quickest way to get into the airspace and actually ship the product is where we live in a piloted airspace today. I think there's no reason that you can't do this autonomous from a technology perspective. But I think being able to then deliver product into market within a sub-five, ten-year, like basically at a reasonable timeline. We have a piloted airspace today. We can certify an aircraft and get type certification with this. So our route is basically piloted and then over time slowly remove the pilot. So, Brett, this is very important because I think this really sets up the whole conversation because here you are, you're building software. You know, you come out of the Midwest. You built this great software company. Now you start Archer. You have this huge aggressive vision for Archer. You have this, you know, aircraft in your mind. It's doing this. It's doing this, right? And it's not just piloted. It's also autonomous. That's something, you know, we've seen in the movies, in the cartoons. We don't have any of those flying around San Francisco exactly right now, right? I didn't. That's not how I got here today. I would have loved to have been able to, you know, land right here. But, you know, you envisioned it, you built it, you built a factory to build it, you did it all right here in the United States. Just take those little pieces apart. And how long were you at Archer? Was it four years, five years? What was the total period? And you took it public as well, right? It's a public company. Yeah. yeah um the like the i guess the fun fun tease it out a little bit for us sure um well so i i basically had to go back to school to learn how to build electric aircraft there's this funny thing here where like we found i found experts in certain areas of like rotorcraft vertical lift and air like normal airplanes and then electrification but none of them like overlapped and so the rotorcraft folks that built helicopters didn't understand the like the physics of and aerodynamics of forward flight the folks that are doing electric propulsion like batteries and electric motors didn't have no clue what nothing in aviation is like really that electric um so we didn't find a good mix i basically went back to school and we started i started the company out of the university of florida where i basically went to college basically moved back started a small team there we started building small like subscale aircraft for evtol at some point i got the hang of this and we ended up moving the company out to california and then we started most people say small aircraft they think it's a dji drone or something that's not what we're talking about no like a 12 15 foot wingspan is pretty big um but you know archer's midnight aircraft has like a you know greater than 40 foot wingspan today six like 6 000 pounds maximum takeoff weight like i only know it because all of a sudden i was in a hangar in san francisco and And all of a sudden, one of them was in there. And I was like, what is this? This is crazy. It works. It flies every flight every week. So yeah, so basically had to figure out how to marry mechanical engineering structures with aerodynamics, controls, embedded systems. It's quite hard. How did you do it so fast? That's what I just couldn't get my head around. I mean, it seems like you went from zero to prototype to production, literally, what was it, a matter of two years, three years? Yeah, we really spent a lot of time learning. I spent the first year kind of as a crazy person trying to build out this very complex spreadsheet of how the whole aircraft worked from top to bottom and size it. I called it my aircraft sizing engineering sheet. and um it was basically an input to say like how how big the wing to be how many motors how many fan blades like how big the battery system is going to be and then you could basically boil everything down to like what would i call like what we call it just at home writing a spreadsheet of what i'm at like university i'm at like a marriott in atlanta doing a course with a nasa professor on like a nasa guy on like electric uh like electric propulsion and trying to put this all together and i had a really hard time um and then moving uh like down to like gainesville Florida and spent some time there like trying to work on that and then prototyping those the physics of that and see if it worked and I got a lot of the physics wrong the first few innings I built the wrong aircraft completely and I basically laid out the propulsion system wrong I laid it out like longitudinally and it really wants to be lateral distribution for lift you really want good axial flow into the fan blades sorry a little too intense but I basically figured out the physics of it of what worked and then just work like **** towards the vision of how to do that and chew it down it's no different than what we do at figure now we're like well i don't want to jump too much bigger but we're three years old we built like basically three generations of like the best humanoid hardware in the world and so i think it's just like we getting the right reason why i think the archer story is so important is because i think you know that you kind of you proved out that you could integrate hardware and software together yeah and you could also deliver of the electrical capabilities and also kind of overcome the physics. Yeah. And then you had, is there an autonomous Archer today? Our first few generations of Maker in early midnights were flown autonomously or flown without a human in the aircraft. But our current generation of aircraft from Midnight and the ones that we'll bring to market are all piloted. Because when you started Archer, we weren't really at the kind of threshold of AI that we are today, right? I called Michael Romandowski, the then director of the FAA, I cold called him in 2019, and I asked him, I want to bring an autonomous aircraft to market. And he said, don't do it. He said, the airspace today is piloted. We can certify. If you can get the technology built and the aircraft built, we will certify it, and you can fly it, and you can get it in the market. If you do autonomy, there is no roadmap right now for, like, having any definitive year that you could, like, you could sit there for two decades or a decade, theoretically. That's in the United States. there's other countries there's even who are a little bit more aggressive right in terms of i was just in the uae and there they have you know i think a goal of having autonomous aircraft flying in their airspace like in the very short term i think it's like 60 70 percent of all flights are done in the europe and u.s today and like yassa and europe and the u.s faa are like the gold standards if you can get certified in one of these two regions you can get certified everywhere else you're not thinking about like what zipline is doing and what these people are doing in terms of like drones or you or when you started carrying people it must be it's all these are civilian type certified aircraft space that needs to be rated to one in a billion hours to a catastrophic event one times 10 to the minus nine you have to develop intrinsic safety on the aircraft with redundancy so that you can achieve these it's a very different ball game you can um you can short circuit this and try to get certified in other countries um you're ultimately ultimately you need to design a safe system we like we travel today it's the safest form of transportation in the air anywhere you go better any form of transportation you take it's because of the intrinsic safety that the aircraft and the design process they go through and you can short circuit it you're just like you're just you're like short circuiting this like safety goal and you're going into markets that are smaller, like lower TAMs, and you're ultimately, you need to be in the biggest markets in the world to build something massive here, and that's the FAA and YASA, and the YASA really piggybacks on the FAA, so you really didn't have the FAA as the gold standard for the globe on aircraft certification. When do you think half the people here will be coming to Dreamforce in some kind of autonomous aircraft? Oh, man. At this point, it's just like largely a certification level timeline, so the only thing left is It's basically like to get certified and get what they call like a type certification. Once that's done, you can start taking like civilians and start charging money for flights. It's governed like federally in the U.S. So like you have to get federal certification and then there's some other types of certification you have to get, but largely you have to get a type certification. And that's taken anywhere between like three and seven years for most fly-by-wire aircrafts here in the U.S. So we're in like a, like we're in the middle of that now, just going through that whole process. So it's like, it's largely a regulatory timeline now. So what do you think the time frame is for, you know, let's say, like I said, like here's a large conference, 50,000 people, they all came in, you know, with pilots. When would they come in, like 50% without pilots? Hopefully in the next, like, well, it depends then. It also depends on, like, how long it takes to build enough aircraft and saturate these markets and enough people here to take it. That's a different story. My friend is a pilot is sitting in the front row, so he's listening very carefully. He's like, when can I fly this? Certainly under five years, maybe as soon as two or three. That would be the balance, I would say. All right, well, this was important for me because before we get into the robots, I really want people to kind of hear that you have a deep understanding of not just this category and where this is going, but also this idea that it's... Yeah, can I say something real quick? You can absolutely do it. When you think about the components needed to build an electric aircraft, you basically need batteries, electric motors, control software, embedded systems, sensors, and structures. Those are the same things we need to build a humanoid robot. Like, exactly the same stuff. It's all different components and all different ways to design it. It's orthogonal in the design space. There's not a single thing that will like, use or want to use from aircrafts, but it's the same stuff. It's the same team members. But you laid out also that there is a whole ecosystem, though, around it of governance and compliance and all these other pieces as well, right? So the stack is not, it's more than just a technical stack. There's also a governance stack and a societal stack and, you know, an awareness. And do you think that is going to be different, though, between kind of the rapid kind of adoption of robots and we're even kind of where we are right now in autonomous aircraft is that is that the right way to think about it or is it wrong yeah i don't know it'll take a lot longer to like get certified with archer and and basically like scale that uh human robots is almost like the opposite land there's like almost no regulatory there's no regulatory these aren't coming with pilots right no pilots okay sorry and is that exciting you that there's no pilots is it easier from a governance perspective and compliance is that it's that is that is that freeing for you in some way it's exciting for me not to have this like binary regulatory body in here saying like you can go no go for an entrepreneur you want to like get product out there's no faa for robots there's no faa for robots so like as soon as we like can build something in transit should there be um i read the book by the way i know you did there were some bad things yeah watch the end of the movie uh saw the movies our futurist wrote minority report yeah and i saw a few other movies too i won't go through the names i mean it's like you think there will be an faa of robots the like there's a difference between a robot and a humanoid robot like we talk about like there's like all these articles coming out of like china like how many robots they have like these are industrial robots i saw some ***** videos backstage i saw that yeah that was crazy uh but like you know we think about like what real robots have been or we've been around it's like we've been around these like you know like giant kooka like seven degree of freedom like you know warehouse industrial manufacturing all right let's not go down this rat hole so let's just step back and come back into reality so here you are you're from the midwest you're in florida you've got the entrepreneurial bug you're doing the software thing you're like i can do more than software i can do engineering you've got your spreadsheet you have your nasa guy you're defining the future of air flight and you're the future of flight and here it is and now you're seeing it and you're going now you build the company it's public you've done it a few years and you go no no i'm not going to do it anymore new company boom figure now that was only like 36 months ago right okay yeah is that right is my time I'm right or wrong? It's like a little over three years. Three, okay. Three years, sorry. So three years ago, all of a sudden you say, oh, I'm a new company. I'm going to do autonomous robots. Now we have three generations of robots. Just, you're going super fast. What has happened? What is it? How did you get to figure one so quickly? Everyone all of a sudden said, wow, here we are in figure one. yeah the the short answer is we when i started the company we thought about all of those things you just mentioned and felt like how do we do this better than ever before um we started with like here's our culture here's our mission vision values here's what we care about here's we want to go in the short term here's we want to go long term we care about things different than most companies we care about like turbos like turbo velocity we want to move extremely fast we want to build a extremely flat org we want to be really hands-on so everybody in my org here at figure cads are codes we don't have like executive rooms like we don't have anything else i sit on the floor next to engineering and our goal is to zoom with people like me little robots are walking around behind you yeah you're like that's cool um we should have that at the event and um yeah the and the goal was to basically like work on something extremely challenging and the only way through that problem is to work extremely fast to unblock the critical path of like lessons learned about what works what doesn't did you were you able to take a few engineers from archer with you or were you you know did you just kind of start with a green sheet your own just your own skills yeah no we have um we have a whole crew of folks that i've been working with now for like almost 15 years uh actually like the my first employee uh at my vetery and early folks are here today lee and logan they're right there in the front row would you guys stand up if you're here from figure and just be recognized fantastic yeah so we have a and then we had a whole crew from archer join so we had like the whole core team from archer there core team from vetery uh yeah like dana took me public at archer she's right here now from figure so uh yeah we have a we started with like a incredible team i i was lucky enough to have enough money to like self-fund the whole thing so we were just like like we went to 30 people as fast as possible and then we got the million a month of burn in like month four so we were like it was like we were just at the at the start line like we want to walk the right architecture of humanoid within 12 months since the season so day one you had how many people there in the office with you um it was me like lee and logan a few we were at the we work in palo alto five to ten no like yeah like three to five something like that five pretty early on not like day one but like call it month one or something like that and then after 30 days you had how many people within like four months we had like 20 to 30 people so it took some time to recruit the best talent in the world we were hiring from like the best and literally within what a year or is it 18 months you had figure one no no we we we like we had our c corp like filing date in like may of 2022 we walked that first robot you see on stage dynamically around the office in under a year from when we started the company and it was incredible and it worked and we made a lot of decisions right we made some wrong and then we just like revved it into rev version two and then we got a lot of things right we got some things wrong and we revved it again into version three. Version three for us is a robot that we think we can ship at scale. It's designed for high rate manufacturing. It's 90% cheaper in cost. It's just, it's a robot that can be fully general purpose. Okay. Now Elon Musk kind of says, look, there's three things here. You got the software, you got the hardware, and you have the manufacturing. And you're going to have to, you know, he wants to press out a million of these. And that's like, obviously he's got the Tesla kind of factory experience, you got kind of the same thing with the Chinese, where the Chinese have this kind of, you know, factory experience, high volume manufacturing. Then, you know, I mean, that's like what a lot of people are like thinking, well, the Chinese right now, you know, they're pressing these cars, the BYD cars or the Huawei cars or the whatever it is, and they're coming over on these huge tankers, and God forbid we ever turn in any kind of military situation, or at least turn into military objects, because all of a sudden they're going to get loaded onto those same tankers that are bringing those cars over, they're going to be bringing over the robots. So just address that. How are you going to build a million of these, or five million of these, or 10 million of these? can I like take a little like detour from this for one second you absolutely can it's your interview there's like well I get this question a lot it's like how are you going to make a lot of robots and how's gonna be low cost and all this stuff it's today that's not the issue the issue today is you're watching the market and like everybody's out there doing like theatrics with robots like open loop theatrics like dancing they're tele-operating the robot it's like it's like a movie set. And we're not at a point in society where anybody can be at a point where they, if you could make a million, you can make them work. You're talking about like one of the hard things about humanoid robots is just like, as a little tangent, is there's 40 degrees of freedom on this robot. A degree of freedom is a joint. A joint can theoretically spin 360 degrees as a motor. So the amount of states the robot can be in, the amount of positions it can be in are 360 degrees to the power of 40. That means there's more states of the robot than more positions it can be in than atoms in the universe. You can't code your way out of this problem of getting that thing to do general purpose work. You have to use a neural net to learn those representations. It's the invention society made, this blobby tissue that can learn that stuff. And you need to then put it in a robot. Do you see this as the hardest problem that the manufacturing problem is like problem number like 50 it's not even close and everybody's like saying who can make more nobody can even make a robot that can't like operate without a tele-operated human in most cases what you saw on the field the unveil last week for us is every task the robot was doing and manipulating objects was done by a neural network we did it over like over a dozen different types of use cases we did it fast we did it under 30 days maybe in a few weeks and that's also what you demonstrated right at ups right that's what we have them on the assembly line now for quite a long time where they're sorting packages. Is that right? It's a BMW. We've been now there for five months now since April. We run 10 hours a day. We've run every single working day. And the same robot that's running right now in Spartanburg was running in April when we started. And so we're getting operational readiness and making sure the robots can actually do real work every single day. So at some point, this will turn for us of how do we manufacture at real scale, which is what we're working on now. So if you came to our office, we have a whole facility called BotQ, kind of like HQ, but for bots. And we're trying to make thousands of robots as we speak right now. And it's hard. And the whole place is just like this advanced software layer for manufacturing. Everything's networked. All the tools talk to each other. We can scan a robot and know every single torque we put on every single bolt. It's unbelievable. The place looks phenomenal, actually. It's one of my favorite places to visit. so we're learning how to do that but the big next step is who can solve it's a race right now for humanoids of who can solve general robotics who can solve an intelligent like human -like intelligence in the physical world that's the race that's what i would be scared of and when will you be there we feel we're at the we feel we just hit all hands this week we all feel it's like now we can see it it's like this little light at this tunnel and we don't know if it's going to take a month or if it's going to take a year, we see it now. Okay, but put a stake on the ground. I think we'll be able to do general purpose work with a humanoid by just through speech and have it do everything you'd want it to do in unseen places like a home it's never been in next year. When will five vendors exactly like yours be at that same spot? When will what? When will five vendors exactly like you be at that same spot? It looks as of right now we're one or two years beyond anybody else in the world. So in three years? Like, when will five vendors exactly like you be at that spot? Certainly in under five years. Five years? Certainly. When will five vendors exactly like you be able to press a million robots? I think you could figure out how to build a million robots fairly quickly if you had general -purposeness today. Okay, but if you're able to deliver the, let's say, within five years, is the manufacturing this going to be some hard to like cross bridge or not no it's like people like generally so when we started we were like oh we're going to do car manufacturing and because I've been a car manufacturing company it's like the most complicated thing I've ever seen in my entire career your company is already worth more than every car company that I can think of the like your last funding round I think was like a 30 billion A year ago, it was at $3 billion. And three years ago, it was at, I don't know what your first round was at. $100 million? $500 million? A billion? A little under $500. $500. So you went $500, $3 billion, $30 billion. So you're already worth all the car companies. You could go buy it. You could probably go buy whatever you want. You're going to build a company 200 times more valuable than Apple if you solve this. It's half the world's GDP as human labor. Your goal is to build a company two and a half times more valuable than Apple. You will build a company like maybe a hundred times. You'll build definitely tens of more valuable than Apple. You will build a company worth tens of trillions for sure if you can solve this problem. Tens of trillions. Like half of GDP is human labor. You could deploy almost an infinite amount of synthetic humans. It's not about just doing what humans do today. It's about like— Your goal is to build an infinite amount of synthetic humans. You're building a new species. Did I think that's what you said? The goal, yeah. And will there be other forms? I mean, we're looking at the human form, but in the back we're looking at all kinds of, like we saw the Transformer movie. I don't know if you saw it. There were different forms. They do different things. They look like a car, then they look like that. Yeah. Is that where we're going? I don't think so. I think humanoid robots will be so much of a plurality of robots out there, you won't even recognize the other ones. I think for various reasons. One is you want to generally manufacture one product at really high scale to get cost down. That's, like, pretty easy. The second is you want to be able to understand what the training set is for neural nets. Our training set for humanoids is an unfair advantage, which we're taking human data for, like, navigating around. We can take data from just humans walking around an apartment, and we can navigate around now just from that human video data. And we can touch things like humans and grab things. We have five fingers. We have hands. Like, we have the same affordances as a robot, as a human the robot has. Other robots don't have that. and they're not intelligent. So you're going to have a situation where a robot goes out and every day while it's doing things and it's messing up, it's getting better about those mess-ups. It's making less of those. It's sharing that back to the mothership and we're basically training all that information to every robot. So unlike humans, where I have to watch all my kids learn how to walk by, basically they don't listen. They just want to do their own thing and figure things out. And humanoids are different. Once one robot knows how to move packages or do your dishes or whatever, every robot in the fleet knows this. So you have a situation happening where you're basically going to have like recursive intelligence will be climbing and you'll be decreasing costs. And a wheeled robot, a one-armed, it'll just won't be able to compare because you're going to have a humanoid 10 grand, 20 grand or in the limit cheaper because they're going to make themselves. And then you're going to have intelligence getting smarter every single day. And I don't think you have a world full of like different types of affordances given the world today we live in is made for humans. like we had to come upstairs and stuff to get here like we it'd be like we can a general purpose robot will will just beat out everything in my view in the movie we are legion we are bob these humans have evolved you already know where i'm going yeah okay go ahead in the in the book we are legion we are bob the humans evolve into these robots and then launch themselves into space and the end of humanity and do you see that do you see that kind of world how it's funny in your fan in your science fiction mind you know you read the book yeah okay i'm like laughing because like i was we were behind the stage talking about like the what it's like if you keep drawing out the future i'm a big sci-fi nerd like you um like one of the things i'm excited about is self-replicating von Neumann probes in space, where robots can basically build themselves and go out and mine methane and do the right things on different planets and build more of themselves and keep basically colonize the galaxy this way. I think this will happen. It looks like it might even happen in our lifetime, which is funny. I think it will happen in our lifetime. We're like we're compressing all the world's knowledge. So we are Legion, we are Bob. This is factual. It's not science fiction. It's near-term reality. It feels like it's possible. In your mind, it is possible. Oh, for sure it will be possible, yeah. In your mind, for sure, it is possible. We are Legion, we are Bob. Yes, shaking his head. It's just a matter of time. I mean, like, we'll approach this, yeah, it'll work. Self -replicating. yeah well i mean we're like we have in outer space i mean we have robots going with human consciousness you've woken up inside one of these yes yeah i think you could like are you going to wake up inside of one of these which color did you like that you want to be we have like this really cool like dune outfit concierge robot in our release i want to wake up in that outfit um i was just like i'm like pointed to one of his employees yeah i was laughing because like we were talking about things about this and one of the one of the guys david's like do not talk about any of that they don't want to hear about this yeah don't talk about any of that we won't go there don't worry but we're going to we are legion we are bob infinite numbers of synthetic humans in outer space self-replicating yeah we're we're building a new species here and it's going to be like we're you like we'll start with you know thousands and millions and billions and like we're not building the robots we're building a new species really i think you're building new species with on-board intelligence on-board consciousness yeah i mean we're not intelligence at this point, right? It's beyond intelligence, isn't it? What's the difference then between intelligence, consciousness, and then what we're talking about? When all these robots are talking to each other and communicating in ways that somehow maybe we don't even understand how we communicate and share, like we are talking at many different levels right now, aren't we? So now explain that in terms of the world of the robot. One thing I want to say is like, we're talking about self -replicating robots is we will be also putting our first robots on the manufacturing line this year which will be really cool as we think about ultimately closing this loop on robots that are truly self-replicating. Now, I just want to come back to our short-term needs in our society. Now, as you know, or you may not know, but anyway, we have 50,000 people here. And we're a little bit we just gave the SFPD a million dollars for sign-on bonuses because they need to hire a lot more cops because we only have about 1,500 cops in our city. And we used to have 2,500 when Gavin Newsom was the mayor. And today we have about 1,500. So I was just wondering while you're talking, see, and looking over here and, you know, your narrative around us, synthetic humans, And do you see this as that you'd be selling these to SFPD and saying, look, you're down 500 or 1,000. I can offer you robots to do some of these jobs, even if they're not armed or not militaristic. Is that a role that you see them playing in cities? I mean, if you're looking at the video, you could see a lot of use cases. It just does everything a human can. It'll just do everything a human can. Our whole product roadmap is designed more and more to what humans can do. Figure three was designed almost specifically for our neural nets. The heads, hands, everything was designed to learn better from humans. And that trend is going to continue for like, that trend, that'll go a long ways. How many times has the DOD showed up at your headquarters already? Yeah, we get hit up like all the time for this. We put in like our online, like our master plan when we started, like we won't do anything like militarized right now. And I don't think we have any... I saw that movie, by the way, and have it started. Yeah, exactly. They're just like, oh, just do a little trial. We're not going to do the DOD, and we won't do anything, right? I just, I don't think it's, it's not what we want to do. Google also used to say that, by the way. Yeah. It's just, like, not interesting for us. We want to, the civilian is the area of shipping robots in the home and the workforce. That's what gets us excited. That's what we want to really help out with. And we don't really, there's a whole other picture over here. But when they're synthetic, self-replicating, will they make the same decision? Because you said they're self-replicating, so at some point they're going to make their – they can choose on their own. Why are you deciding for them? Yeah. And one of the, like, really core reasons, like, also, like, wanted to work on this project and start this company is I feel like if we didn't – It's a cool career that you've decided to work on for, like – how old are you now? I'm 39. You're 39. Yeah. It's going to be a cool life ahead, right? I'm excited. We're, like, just working on something incredible. What I was going to say is if we were not doing this, it feels like we're approaching – we're approaching artificial superintelligence. And these systems, even digitally, are going to get so smart and so capable in the future here that if it's not humanoids doing the work, it's going to be humans. How will we know that we've achieved artificial superintelligence or AGI or ASI or whatever we're calling it today? We've just, like, did this thing with the world and did this, like, LLM thing, and we just, like, drove by AGI so fast, and everybody just kind of waved by, and we're kind of already past that. I think if you surveyed everybody four years ago and said, like, is that thing AGI? I'd be like, yep, that thing's for sure AGI. Well, originally it was really defined as what you said earlier, that is, you painted the picture, the we are Bob, we are Legion picture of the self -replicating, right? Today, the AI is not self -engineering, self -replicating, which I think was the definition. I mean, I'm not going to put words in your mouth, but I think that the AGI, ASI, it's self-replicated, self -engineering. It's not just Claude kind of helping you to make your code more efficient. It's building the new Claude. We're not exactly at that level, are we? Or are we? We're on the exponential, so it's really hard to tell. it feels like uh i wouldn't bet against it in your mind we are i mean we're heading towards it right now in your mind you already see that happening yeah like you have total clarity for that vision we like we internally we get to sit like what's the one thing that you see that you think nobody sees i mean we listen we sit here internally we get to see a year or two we feel and see a year or two out at least in the robotic side of things like it's what we see and we see this stuff only getting extremely capable very cheap and human-like intelligence in the home things like this we see that now like we we do some of it we do like pieces of it we we can't do all of it yet we can't drop a humanoid in and say clean my house i'll be back at five and and it's done but we see the path of that that's for sure going to happen and we're just like how do we get there faster now and that's what we're doing every day in the like you know i go back to the office today we're just like we're sitting there obsessing over that one problem is how do we solve general robotics in our industry people are always overestimating you can do in a year but underestimating what you can do in a decade and certainly two decades in two decades in 20 years dream force 2045 when you come back for this follow-on interview what will we be discussing and what will be happening or will i just be talking to a figure well you're all flying here in archer aircraft and um one of the things we have at company goals internally that you should have it'll be good for me is like having more humanoids at our office and humans and we want to do that really fast and i hope by way before then we come in here there's like there's what 40 50 000 people here i hope there's more humanoids than humans here at the event to be crazy and the crazy thing is like you'll see at one point more human there'll be more humanoids here than humans yeah for sure they'll be doing everything there's like a ton of humans here doing stuff all day long It'd be humanoids doing all that work. It'd be talking to them in real-time speech -to-speech, which we do in our office. This is the short term. This is way before 2045. This is way before 2045. This is really what year? This is for sure, like, sub-five, seven years, for sure. Five to seven years. We'll have more humanoids than humans in our office next year, for sure. So in seven years, I can see that there's, you know, people here of all ages in the audience, right? And there's also, you know, people in their 20s, in their 30s, in their 40s. The life that they're going to experience. It's, like, hard to comprehend because we're, like, literally building sci-fi right now. The whole world is. And you watch sci-fi movies, you're like, oh, that's happening right now. It's like, what's the next, like, what's beyond this? It's, like, hard. I don't know. Like, but it's definitely the most entertaining and interesting time to be alive in history. So, yeah, I mean, I think one thing that you see from, like, at least the demonstrations we're doing is, like, you can see all these things. You can see incredible hardware now. It's getting cheaper. We can make them. We're trying to make them in even higher volumes. Like, you can see pockets of this doing, like, the hardest things possible you'd want it to do in a home, like laundry and dishes. It's doing them with neural networks that we trained on human, like, data. And we can do, like, pockets of it now. You showed it in the release. We can navigate around. we can talk to humans, we can do these things. It's not all quite there where it's all perfect, where you package it up and you can get it and do all that, but it's like that's coming in 10 years. Let me ask you one more question that we didn't address. Are you going to have to build your own Manhattan -sized data center to drive all these things, or are you going to use others' data centers? How do you look at it? Do you see this as a vertical stack that you need to own the data center, or are you going to have to partner with somebody? Because all of a sudden, I'm sure that Sundar is coming here tomorrow. oh, I'm sure he's not, you know, thinking, oh, I'm never going to do this. You know, you've got all these different, all these different, you know, cast of characters and they're all like trying to acquire as much energy as they can acquire, build the biggest data center they can build because they see a world where all these fast food, like if you go to Burger King, two blocks from here, there's still humans making the burgers. That's not your reality, is it? Do humans want to be making burgers? Okay, exactly. So there we go. So your reality is within a short period of time, you said five to seven years, we'll be going to the Burger King a couple blocks from here. There is, let's say, the figure robots making the burgers or other kinds of technology doing that. But if it is figure, is it on your data centers? Is it other data centers? How do you think about your architecture in the long term and data, and then, of course, that must shift because you're about to launch all these robots into rockets and become self-replicating in the universe, so I don't know how they're going to have to connect to some kind of data center. I mean, they'll probably have to do fully embedded systems there, like onboard compute to do that really well. Okay, so one lesson learned I've had from FIGURE the last three years is that I figured there's a pretty mature efficient world. We can go out there and get things like motors and batteries and cameras and all this stuff and we would just put it into the robot. Maybe we do some stuff, maybe we don't. And I was like, we'll do some stuff and we'll go buy some stuff and like that thesis is just like thrown out the window at high speeds. We have to design everything now. We like design our cameras for Generation 3. We do our motors, battery systems, like sensors, like everything. Most of the things we do with software. Rare earth metals? Yeah. we actually that'll be easier because once you launch them out in the space they can just mine the asteroids and then you don't have to worry about that anymore get on other planets we don't have to worry about this planet we can just mine whatever we need yeah we should be able to do that yeah this is very limiting being here on earth isn't it it's pretty got to get the **** out of here I mean think about all the stuff that's out there we can just get this done there's a lot of ladies and gentlemen was this great please thank Brett Adcock Well done. Good job. That was all.