OK, dear brothers and sisters, good evening. Asalamualaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh. Okay on today's material we met on the fth meeting right ok today's topic is about models methods techniques learning theories and also strategies especially on teaching and learning English okay now we will continue to the first that is about models okay learning models or learning models in Indonesian. It is a learning model is a form of learning that is described from the beginning to the end of the lesson which is prepared by the educational facilitator or a teacher or lecturer. Okay. So, the learning model is a form of learning that has been prepared from the start. So it's like a lesson plan. Well, like you did when you first started collecting to enter RPL, there was a lesson plan. Well, there must be something called a learning model. Well, that's there, right? Okay. And then the function of the learning model. What is the function? The function is as a guide for the teachers, lecturers or educators in carrying out the learning. And this shows that the each model that will be used in a learning determines the device used in the learning. So in learning, the function of the learning model is as a guide, as a guide, as a reference for teachers or lecturers or instructors in learning. So, every lesson, even the instructor needs to do prep preparation, so preparation is needed before teaching, right? So if the person teaching has preparation or without preparation, the teaching method will definitely be different . The way of teaching and the way of learning are definitely different, right? If we talk about the function of this learning model, if the teacher prepares well about the learning model, it means he has prepared it first. It is certain that the details of the learning process in class will be different from those without preparation. Okay. And then what should be in a model? Of course, in that model, there are things that must be included in the learning model regarding learning tools, devices, use in the learning that are used during the learning process. Okay, that's what a model is. Well, there are 10 models, right? There are 10 models of learning or the learning models are familiar in teaching and learning. So, in learning, there are still around 10 familiar ones, right? There is something called the flip classroom model, there is something called the discovery learning model, there is the debate model, role play or play role is allowed, role play model or e-learning model. And then problem based learning. Well, now many of the projects are in problem-based learning. There is a number that is happening most often now, namely in project- based learning. Number seven is inquiry learning, there is action learning and the last one is buying. This is Bedes, yeah. Maybe, dear brothers and sisters here, there may have been those who have practiced buy, namely bring your own devices, maybe they have, but they don't know the name, maybe it's like that. OK, there are 10 models that I delivered here and then we are to take a little about the methods. Well, okay, first we talked about learning models, now we talk about learning methods. The method and model are different, yes. If we talk about learning mode a method is a method or a process of delivering material and knowledge that is arranged regularly and miserably to the student in teaching and learning activities in order to achieve a certain predetermined goal. So the learning method is different. If the model earlier was ee, what is the learning model, that is the term that is going to be implemented, how is it, what model is used, right? But if the method is the process. This method is a step by step process that will be used to deliver materials systematically and measurably. So the steps can be measured, right? OK, that's called the method of learning or learning method. Then when we go into learning methods there are full kinds of learning methods, yes in teaching such as teacher centered method. Well, that's a method, right? So, it's teacher-centered, for example . The teacher who lectures, the teacher who shares knowledge is called a teacher center. What if the second method is the student-centered method, which is centered on students. Students who are always active, students convey what it is, eh, sharing ideas, right? Then there was questioning, right? then discussion. Well, that's more of a student-centered method. Then the third is the method of using . That is, using technology in moderation. So, you don't use anything complicated, you don't use high technology, but ordinary technology like LCD , like a laptop, you use YouTube. Well, it's like not using committed technology. So, showing the video, showing visually, right? Then the fourth is using high technology, namely using increasingly sophisticated technology by using smart TV. The smart TV must be equipped with, for example, Zoom, something that can be used as a hybrid, like Webex, or something else, that already uses high technology . Use the application using what application, yeah. That's a more sophisticated method. So there are four methods of learning. Okay. And then talking about strategy now. OK, now let's get into learning strategy. What is learning strategy? What is a learning strategy? A learning strategy is a systematic planning and implementation to improve the quality and quality of learning. So it is a plan that has been ee what is systematic planning, which is already systematic, which is already systematic, which has been designed in stages, right? And the implementation is to improve the quality of learning. That is a strategy of learning. What are they? Well, we can see this. There are so many strategies, there are seven strategies. of learning or learning strategies in teaching for example expository learning strategies. So, what are the expository learning strategies ? In this case teachers play a very important role because they are short of knowledge and skills. Lecture and tutorial methods can be used in expository strategies. So, it's more up to the lecturers who are responsible for imparting knowledge and skills , more up to the lecturers. So it's like a college lecture or a methods tutorial, right? Then what is in inquiry learning strategy is the inquiry learning strategy is a series of learning activities that emphasize the thinking process through inquiry learning strategies. student orientation will be betterf. So here, inquiry places more emphasis on the thinking process, right? So children tend to find out the answers themselves, so they use their critical thinking to find the answers or to resolve the problem. like that. So the criteria here for inquiry is to find the answer themselves when they have to carry out learning activities with their own thinking process, right? Then if it's the problem base, now we go into the problem base. Problem base is a learning strategy that contains a series of learning activities that emphasize the process of solving problems that have been faced scientifically. Okay, what does it mean? So, if this problem base is usually a problem that is provided, right? Then the students' activity is to find solutions to the problems scientifically. Sensitive means he needs to dig into theory, needs to dig into what, ee, the term is, discoveries from existing research, which has already been done. Well, that's it. It's about problem-based learning to find out what the solution is, right? Okay. Okay. We are going to listen for the other first. Okay. But actually we are going to continue. Okay. Yes. So this type of learning is for the fourth strategy. Okay, the fourth strategy is a strategy for increasing thinking abilities. Yes, it's the same as critical thinking. So it increases thinking abilities. Where is increasing thinking abilities? This type of learning strategy is carried out by emphasizing the thinking abilities of students. The material provided is not simply presented but students will be guided to achieve the process so that they can discover from themselves the concept that should be through a continuous dialogue process and using the experiences that the students have. This means that here they share with each other, the students can be formed into groups. Then they share concepts, share ideas, share experiences regarding things related to learning. Well, they are discussing here how to use their thinking abilities to present something to other people, right? So what is it that he conveys something, dares to convey his ideas to his friends in one group. Okay, this is a strategy for increasing thinking abilities. Then the fifth strategy, this is cooperative learning strategy. What is the cooperative learning strategy? Cooperative learning was developed by Vigotski's theory of cognitive development. In this theory, we believe that children are active in constructing their knowledge. Teachers can use the cooperative learning model to carry out the strategy. What does it mean? Actually this is almost similar to number four but here the students need to collaborate need to collaborate with someone else with their friends yes that his cognitive will develop yes will develop after they know the knowledge from eh the other students yes or from other students yes the other students will add will add some knowledge will some experiences yes to construct the other students the other student knowledge. Well, that's it. So helping other people to construct their ideas is like that so that they cooperate with each other, that is, work together. OK, next strategy for number si this is contextual learning strategy. The contextual learning strategies here this is about the learning concept that can help teachers connect real word situations with the learning material that will be delivered and then indirectly contextual learning strategies can encourage students to apply the relationship between life and knowledge well okay we are going to use our critical thinking now about the contextual learning strategy. What is it like? What does it work? What is this for? And what does the context of learning strategies look like? So this helps teachers, not only helps students but also helps teachers so that students can face real conditions. the actual condition, the reality outside is like that, with the materials that are actually there, right? Indirectly strategic learning context encourages students to apply the relationship between life and knowledge. For example, if a prospective teacher like you in the Bachelor of English Education of course, your contextual learning strategy is what you say directly practice your teaching at school. Well, that's it . So you try to know about the background of the students in different schools. in different classes, okay, in different students competence, yeah. So, you will see firsthand what it's like to teach children with different abilities, and what about different school environments, and what else? Apart from the school's environmental capabilities, there is also the level of heterogeneity of the students, for example. How is that? This is directly the practice of contextual learning strategy. Okay. So you are in relationship between life and knowledge. It means you are actually in touch with real life with the knowledge you have. The last strategy. The final strategy is affective learning strategy. We know affective is not effective but effective. In developing effective learning strategies, teachers must understand what values ​​they want to achieve. Observation, interviews, and personal approaches can be used to do this. What is it like? Okay, so the strategy here is to use an affective strategy. Affective is like an attitude, then daily behavior. Well, that's called a learning strategy regarding teaching and learning, right? So, the strategy for learning is connected to the students' attitudes, their daily lives, how they behave in their daily lives, right? So it started from there, right? Therefore, affective learning strategies begin with the teacher's EE criteria. The teacher must observe the class, then interview the students, and then approach the students. Well, those are the strategies used when you teach. Before teaching, I first observe what the child's attitude is . Are they fierce, naughty, or do they dare to protest, for example? This is a kind of observation for the affective learning strategies. So, you know the condition of the child from the condition of his attitude and behavior and the approach used by a teacher to teach his students. OK, there are seven strategies for in learning and teaching. And then we come to now the learning technique. What are learning techniques? Learning techniques are the teacher's efforts to carry out in choosing learning strategies used in a learning process in the classroom with unique circumstances. Okay, what does it mean? A unique circumstance? Of course, different classes have got different behaviors, different competencies. Yes, of course yes. So, each class definitely has a different environment, different abilities, different attitudes of the children. So, this is about the teacher's efforts. So, learning technique is a teacher's effort to use his learning strategy in the classroom process. So, the technique is the way the teacher uses the strategy, it's called a technique. Okay, so what strategy was used earlier? There were seven strategies earlier, right? There are seven strategies used by the teacher. So, what are the stages of the strategy? How the teacher uses it, that's called the technique. Okay. So, how teachers use it is to use that strategy. That's called learning techniques. Okay. And there are also 10 learning techniques. Well, that's the kind. So, you have to be able to differentiate between methods, models, strategies, and techniques. You have to be able to differentiate, okay? And then the techniques of learning or the learning techniques there are also what are the lecture techniques. The TNI lecture is like that, lecture model, tutorial, monologue, right? That is the first form of engineering learning. Then the second learning technique is discussion technique. What is discussion technique? Well, we need to know what this is, okay? If the technique is a discussion technique, that means you have to work in groups, right? This means that students are grouped, they are given what is said to be a topic of discussion, right? What's the topic? Will be similar topic. topic. This is based on the teacher's way or the teacher strategies. It's based on the strategy you want to use, right? And the technique uses distortion, right? Then by using the Q&A technique, you can also do that. But what's the strategy ? Oh, the strategy I use, for example, here I use a contextual learning strategy, right? Using contextual learning means you have to apply it in life, right? So it has to be contextual, meaning you have to dive in somewhere, right? Then the technique I use is question and answer. Can? Okay. If you use the question and answer Q&A technique, it means that the learning model is like they jump in first, right? For example, going to the field to look for something or other. looking for something to what is it to describe for example something oh looking for flowers to describe like that and then the teacher will deliver questions and techniques about the thing that he found on the field regarding the things that he had found in the field earlier like that he found there was a girl found a rose flower found there was a hibiscus for example and then the teacher should ask questions to the students and then the students will try to answer about what eh what they found what they found. Well, that's it. And then whatever it is, you may use any kinds of techniques, right? This is just an example. Nemika just gave you an example. Nemika will give an example first. Then the fourth technique is called the assignment technique. That means giving assignments, right? And then the simulation technique provides a simulation. The technique of inquiry is to give one's own opinion, to find one's own solution. Experimental experimentation technique uses experiments. That means there are experiments that need to be done, right? And then the engineering work tour . The technique above can also be used for cooperative and contextual learning strategies, you can also use workdur techniques like that. So where do they go then do engineering work, meaning they take turns going somewhere, right? They noted it down, yeah, ee, they went here, what was recorded, what was found there, that's called work out, yeah. So there is work here that must be recorded, then there it is also recorded, where else is it recorded, it goes around to different places like that. That's called technical work. Engineering tutorial. Tutorial means like memeka, this is a technique tutorial, meaning memek provides a sample tutorial, right? Then problem solving technique means there is a problem there is a solution. Given a problem, students must create a solution. OK, this is the 10 techniques of learning. Then we enter the final approach. Okay, we started from the beginning, starting from the model and then the method, so it's clearly different, strategies and then technology. This means that approaches are the way teachers apply learning methods. What was the learning method? Well, there are four. Okay, remember that again, okay? There are four. There is a student center, there is a teacher center, there is low tech, there is high tech. That was the method, right? Okay. Then, when you already know the method and how do you use it, how do you use the details of the method? If you use student sentences, that means you have to do it like that . Compare to learning methods the learning abroad is more about the teacher actions in carrying out lessons more specifically. For example, in a moment which must be more than a usual day. Yes, even though they are both student centers, in short they are different. That is the teacher action, meaning the teacher's application method in the classroom. Okay. So, even though they are both student centers, the active ones are different. The active of the student can be in a discussion. The active of the students can be in debate. The active of the student can be in what is in presenting something. Okay. The student should present something the student should explore something. The student should speak in front of the class. Okay. This is the way the teacher implements the title method. What is that teacher's way? apply the method like that. So the student center is not monotonous. Oh, the students don't discuss it, right? There are so many kinds there are so many actions that the students can do. And also the teacher acts there to give instruction. how the teacher gives instructions there. The instructions are not just, for example, okay students, let's discuss something, right? But we also have to try not to always give instructions to the stud for asking him to do something in what is what? It feels like it's forced, huh? What do you say? They can do your instructions happily yes without any what say without any eh what for yes without any pressure like that. Okay, this one is the goal of the learning approach. So the learning approach can be different in one method of learning. In one learning method, you can use various approaches, as Memeka explained earlier. So even though it's a student- centered method, you can use many approaches. Well, now let's try this approach which is almost the same as the names in the strategy. There are some that are almost the same in strategy, but they are also different. There is something like contextual, this is in the strategy earlier, namely contextual learning strategy, right? But here, contextual approach, there are nine approaches that you can use, there are science, technology, and society abroad, using technology, using gadgets, using cellphones, using smart TVs, using the internet, using ee Chromebooks, for example, like that. Then contextual approach, constructive approach, scientific approach, deductive approach, inductive approach, conceptual approach, realistic approach, and open ended problem approach. There are nine of these. Well, we have a contractivist approach, scientific means related to science, right? Deductive means what is the approach model? the approach is learning from deductive. What is inductive? If deductive it is from big to small or small to big. Okay, let's try to check this between deductive and inductive, okay? And then conceptual means conceptually meaning learning theory, yes. Conceptually, it means just learning by thinking, right? Then, if it's realistic, it means learning through the field, right? open ended problem approach means using the problem solving strategy mentioned above, yes. Then, now we move on to the last one, namely learning theory. Okey learning theory is a concept related to pych eh sorry related to philosophical foundation history, goals and views in relation to the educational process. Okay. So, if we want to know, learning theory is a set of concepts that are actually related to what the philosophical foundations are . Ee then there is a history of goals that are related to learning theory. Well, we have a lot of theoretical learning . Okay. In learning there is the blue theory, what theory is it? what other theories are there? Well, try to learn English, we get to know a lot of things about listening, like verbs, then Brown, then who else is there in English, there are a lot of them . If you mention them one by one, you will know later when you write an article that these are the theories that need to be used in learning. Then now we need to know a little bit of theory, no need for too much. There are five theories that are popular in learning, namely behavioristic theory, then there is cognitive theory, and there is constructive theory. It's the same as the constructivist broach. That's part of the theory, yeah. So what is the constructive approach of constructive theory ? Humanist theory. Then the last one is 21st century learning theory. Behaviorism is a behavioristic theory. Behaviorism is a learning concept. The emphasizes the concept of stimulus and responses to concept eh stimulus and responses and these two concepts are considered to play a big role in the learning process. So there is something called behavior, which is stimulus and response. So it's student behavior, yes. Okay. So behavioral theory. Well, the theory of habit. Well, so if you study it's based on habits, because habits are more or less how you study, right? If the theory is that every day you study, for example, the habit of studying from 0:00 to 0:00. Yes, that is the habit of studying continuously every morning at school , continuously studying will give rise to stimuli and the responses that you get from it. Well, this is a behavioristic theory. Then cognitive. Cognitive means the power of thought, right? Cognitivism is a learning theory that states the development is closely related to how students understand in their minds. This means that this is the student's ability to think, absorb a concept, absorb learning. So when he was given a lesson, one statement was that peanuts are delicious, right? Is it all absorbed? Peanuts are delicious, right? Then, when the teacher's cognitive theory is presented, he uses long statements like that . So we can make a very long statement. Are all the long sentences absorbed by the students? Well, that's punitive, isn't it? So the students' understanding can be used to check the Q&A, which is questions and answers, right? For example, if it has been explained, given what the material is and then check, give questions to the students, okay? If he can understand well, it means he can give a good response, right? If he can give the right answer, it means he understands well, right? Then constructive theory. Well, constructivism is an educational theory that believes the students are able to their own understanding as long as they are given the freedom and responsibility to do so. What does it mean? What does it mean here? This is an example, for example, a teacher gives one assignment , one question to his students. For example, how does, for example, how does the content writer say what you say, for example, like that. How does the content writer deliver their content? for example, how a content writer delivers his content, for example, the written content is like that, right? Well, that means you give them questions to think about first and find out, right? That means they have to uh build their own understanding. They must build their own understanding. So, who is a content writer? Well, that's how he has to look for it, he has to search for something, right? He had to search on Google, he had to find something that could answer that. Well, that is giving freedom and responsibility. You give them the freedom to find out first what they want answered from your question. Well, that's constructivist, eh, constructive theory, right? Then humanist theory. Humanist is a running theory that focuses on the belief that students must be helped to discover themselves as complete human beings. If it is humanist, the theory is definitely related to when people learn, they definitely need the help of others to learn. He can't improve himself without the help of others. That's called humis. Yes. Then finally, 21 centring theory is a theory that emphasizes the importance of meaningful learning that cannot be separated from everyday life. So, if we provide knowledge, we cannot separate it from everyday life. We must relate it to their lives, we must relate it to their habits. ee is associated with their daily activities. Well, that's called 21st century learning theory which needs to be related to their daily lives. Well, that's it. OK, this is five theories that are popular in learning. OK, students, I think that's enough. Yes, so that's all the material today. There are what say eh six items yes that I told you today that is about the model, method and then technical strategies like that. And then eh what is it? Approaches, yes. And then the last for theory a learning learning theory. Okay students yes this is our eh what is it our learning today for my explanation and then actually I give you I will give you some questions based on my explanation I will I need your own experiences yes I need your own experiences based on my questions in sim learning I will deliver the questions based on my explanation here yes about the six items and then you can what is say answer it in PDF file and upload in sim okay thank you so much for today yes and then we will see you again on the different materials yes after eh this material well next week will be the six meeting first thank you so much and wasalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.