Aon, the Foxing IoT platform. We currently have two units of own businesses in Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia and in Sorriso, Mato Grosso Thick. Focus, generating solutions and integrating technologies. Healthy, productive, and profitable. Like this The crops grow with roots strong and fertile soil. Responsible, a partner, and innovative. That's Roch for you. company with roots in agriculture and focus in people's health. Driven by her courage and passion since 1984, this German multinational seeks to meet the farmer's needs and their challenges in the field, developing technical solutions and digital for preparation operations soil, planting, sowing and pulverization. and in all places in the world where the The rock operates, it builds a relationship. trusted farmer for farmer through dialogue and exchange of information for the continuous enhancement and the development of their products. Recognized for its high level quality in the manufacturing of its equipment, the company trains and empowers employees worldwide at its headquarters in Germany, following high engineering standards, materials, Assembly and after-sales service. For Rocha, all progress begins in It's in the mind, but it only becomes real when it happens. happening in the field. And more never, their goals are embedded within an even greater purpose. This company with Christian values believes that working together in cooperation with farmers and science, taking responsibility for the environment environment, climate and society, we are capable of creating a prosperous future and healthy for our soil. That is Hosh's commitment. Implementing modern agriculture today to ensure a more sustainable world for the generations of tomorrow. Hor, together for agriculture healthy. From an early age we learned that caring Money is an individual act, mine balance, my goals, my achievements. But every financial choice involves something. Much more than just numbers. She moves People, regions, stories. She It resonates and strengthens someone. same When you don't realize it. What if each your decision helped to develop the Where do you live? What if I invest? It was also a gesture of care. Growing up has never been a movement. lonely. Decisions matter because People matter, because money circulates, it returns, transforms. And perhaps the question is not In other words: "Who helps you achieve your goals?" dreams?" But who do you choose to build it with? future? Cooperating means creating pathways, it is impact People, it's about being a part of it. And now that you You know this, so what is your choice? Secred means having someone to count on. The government of Rio Grande do Sul implemented reforms that brought about fiscal balance, investments and development, enhancing the innovative profile of Rio Grande do Sul, with parks, technological hubs and agritec a strategic position for the Mercosur, including the third main entry point of tourists in the country, 754 km of navigable waterways and with the second most important port Brazilian is a leader in agriculture with one of the largest industrial parks in country and one of the most energy matrices cleanest in the world, betting on green hydrogen, in addition to having a extensive portfolio of projects for partnership with the private initiative. Put all this and much more, Rio Grande do The South is the perfect place for those who want Invest and grow. Government of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In Rio Grande do Sul, where the climate dictates increasingly greater challenges, Water is no longer just a resource. It became strategy, technology, productive security and vision of future. It is in this scenario that Cruzalta... consolidates itself as the capital of Rio Grande do Sul irrigation. One of the most advanced municipalities in state in connection with Pigôs Central offices. National reference in productivity, innovation and water management intelligent, with about 13,000 hectares irrigated and one of larger concentrations of GDPs from Rio Grande do Sul, in the heart of the hub irrigation in northwestern Rio Grande do Sul, which brings together municipalities like IJ, Santa Rosa, Santo Ângelo, Tupanciredã, Saint Louis Gonzaga and Saint Barbara of the South, regions that combine agricultural strength, technology and development regional. Here, irrigating doesn't mean To simply produce more, means to produce With stability, reduce losses. caused by the droughts, to guarantee competitiveness and transform knowledge as a result of field. The numbers show the strength of this. transformation. In recent years, the irrigated area of soy in Rio Grande do Sul It grew by more than 65%. In corn, the advance surpassed 52%. At SAPRA 202324, the state reached more than 214,000 irrigated farms in soybean and more than 121,000 1000 hectares of corn. An expansion driven by investments in center pivot irrigation systems, water storage, dams and systems pumping. Irrigation has transformed landscapes and, More than that, realities. In a time when producing Food requires efficiency. sustainability and water intelligence. Cruzalta shows The world where the future has already begun. THE A future where, water, and innovation They walk together and where agriculture is Strengthens us to nourish tomorrow. Cross Alta, capital of Rio Grande do Sul of irrigation, the center of a new era for agriculture Brazilian. Good morning everyone. One very satisfied great and we are here to give beginning of our Rigantes meeting. Greetings to our mayor who believed and believes that agriculture is the A way out for all of us. So just one event It was possible because we have a The mayor gives us all the support. irrigators and us, rural producers. On behalf of the mayor, I greet you all. I think we are... habits by seeing, hearing our our speakers. I also wanted to thank our sponsors. Without our sponsors, it wouldn't be possible. This event is possible. From the very first It started when we slammed the door. They believed, and we achieved it. resource and that's what we're doing. event. Thank you very much to all of ours. sponsors, supporters, especially to the state government, mayor, who was and is being our great partner. The meeting of irrigators is It's an event I've been dreaming of for many years. We need to join forces. with this activity that guarantees income to our producer. If every producer had on your property, 30% of the area is irrigated, We wouldn't need to have insurance. agricultural, because we would be a guarantee of productivity and production. and the municipalities, my friend, and thank you very much, Secretary of the Treasury, Luía, oh, no. They would suffer so much in difficult times. that we pass by when one comes along drought. Saying thank you is also very important. especially to the Ministry of Regional Development, in the person of Rose and Antonio, whom Veri, to André Daniel. Well, that demonstrates the strength of ours. The region has the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. Cruzalta irrigation has in the scenario national. This makes us proud, it makes us... We are increasingly proud to be at at the forefront of the irrigation agenda. I wanted to, then, in a very special way. A special thank you to all of you who They came all the way here to join us and that we have there two days of actions, networking, and certainly two May these be very fruitful days for all of us. Thank you very much for your presence. Good morning. Are you cold? Let's be more firm, then. Good morning. Then it got better. In the protocol it was pro Telesar, but I called myself that. Well, actually, I want to say that I am very happy to be here in my city. It's always a huge joy. right, talk to You, being here. And I wanted to ask permission to tell a story before Let's begin. When I was called up to be master of ceremonies, the only The thing I said was: "I don't know." "To be formal." So I'm going to open my My heart is here for you today. Teles is My father and I need it, there's no way around it. to start this event without remembering that there is 10 years ago, in 2016, we were there. on our rural property, in Our Lady of Fatima agricultural farm, having a field day at the club of irrigation. I was an intern, right? Volunteer, As an intern, I was the one who caused trouble and I still am, I believe. But I was I was involved, I always helped with everything. that I could, with the part of communication, primarily, was lacking. an idea of ​​what my life was going to become, But I was already embracing the cause of irrigation together with my father, because the Leading by example is contagious, isn't it? And he spoke and still speaks. still from irrigation with so much love, with so, so much alike, with so much so I believe I embraced this cause together. I've been with him for a long time. I started to studying irrigation, I started to... dedicate to communicating irrigation and today to see an event of this magnitude is in a A city that supports agriculture, right, Mayor? That's what's above many expectations, not only from the residents of Cruz, but from our region, it is a reason for much pride. So, I I am honored to be an ambassador for our wheat here, our Gustavo Aline, I have the honor of being ambassador for the Tecnow event and I I am very proud, before anything else. Something like being an ambassador for agriculture, you know? from our Cruzalta. And I'm seeing a lot, seeing many young people here, students, and I want to call on you to embrace this. Flag together, because we are many. generations working together Eh, During these two days here, we will have a lot learning, lots of knowledge privileged international, national, regional, municipal. And it's no coincidence that Cruz Alta is the capital. Gaucha of irrigation. And that has to be a source of great pride for us. So I won't have many protocols. But I need to do these. Special thanks to the people who They always gave me space, they believe in agriculture, they believe in me, they believe in our high cross, in our state. And let's go I have two very important days here. So I want to call you to posting, tagging, sharing as a communicator, but above all a to ask, to question, to take advantage this environment for learning, right, for to talk. There are people here, I always I'm telling you, try the exercise of conversing with at least three people that you never You see, right? So we can network. bigger. Often the solution that People are looking for it, our neighbor is If someone close to us already has it, we'll do it. can help themselves. Agriculture needs to Unite before anything else. for us to be able to improve more and more and if To strengthen ourselves, we need unity. So I call upon you to unite. Then I promise I won't keep talking. a lot during the day. I am here to, right, stop to call people, but I I would very much like to ask for permission. to the secretary, also known as my father, and he me It allowed for this opening. to tell this story, because the The movement for irrigation has been going on for a long time. Time flies, right, Dad? So, I gave it right away. I called him, but he's not looking at me. Father, Teles, the mobilization for irrigation is coming a long time ago. I want to tell you that I I travel all over Brazil. I went to find the Lobatinho in Chicago, in the United States United, and he said: "The club of Irrigation has changed the way I see many things. "thing". So, there are many multinational companies. involved for a long time, many young people who are directors today, are now... They were RTVs, interns, they were beginning and which today are remembered with great affection. affection from the Irrigation Club, which was It's your initiative and I have a lot to say about it. I'm proud of that. So, congratulations, uh, Dani, congratulations on all the mobilization. also. Uh, I want to say that you are incredible and it was time to say that we're going to An important point is the content. So, welcome! Enjoy this event, it's an honor. Having him in Cruzalta, inside the house. Where My fellow ambassador, Mauricio? I can't find him either, but We are here, also committed to spreading the word. as much as possible irrigation in our city. If I've forgotten anyone, I ask... Sorry, but it's a matter of protocol, I I'm pretty bad, actually. But guys, So let's start with what matters, right? That's the first lecture, which is about someone who has spent years working in agriculture measuring, calculating, understanding what the Drought really takes its toll on producers. THE Dr. Alencar Zanon is a professor at UFSM. PhD in Agronomy with experience in University of Nebraska, in the United States United, and coordinator of the Field team. Crops, a group that combines research, outreach and Innovation right in the field. He will go to us show with data how much Rio Grande do Southern Brazil suffers losses in soybean and corn crops due to drought. And me I'll tell you in advance that the number is higher. more than we imagine. Dr. Alencar, Welcome! Where? I don't know if you'll want to stay here. node I think I'll get one of those. Go. Do you want me to call you? Good morning everybody. Good morning everybody. I want a good day that You didn't even give her any, huh? Let's go new. Good morning. Good day. Ah, now that's better. Spectacular. Spectacular. First, I would like to congratulate... the mayor and the whole team that is involved with the organization of this event. One of the things I learned It's in the United States that we should expect less from the government to solve the our problems and we, as producers and producers, we have to be protagonists. So this is very important, this is what We're seeing here today, the Producers joining forces with the government. to solve real problems. So congratulations to all of you and primarily the organizing committee who has been working for quite some time It's hard for us to have this moment of discussion. Very good. My topic is How much does the Rio Grande lose due to drought in Soybeans and corn. Nothing I'm going to say here That's what I believe, what I think. All It is published in the ecophysiology book. of soybeans, aiming for high yields. If you have any questions, the original author is there. Oh, José Eduardo Vin, what's happening? Perfect now. This is the first author. from the book. And here we also have the maize ecophysiology book, aiming to high productivity. So that is important. Beware of magic in Brazilian agriculture. There is plenty. plenty of product that yields three, four, five more bags per hectare every day years, regardless of the condition. So the People need to be a little more careful, have a A little, as Michel would say, a bit. more critical thinking to see what is What is truth and what is a lie? So we We need this in agriculture. Brazilian. Yeah, I've already met some friends from Paraguay, and that's an important point. We truly are, and here I speak as producer, It's about believing in what is true. in what has been happening behind the scenes and forgetting a little bit of magic, and by magic I mean... that product that is independent of whether it rains Whether or not it yields three or four sacks per hectare, Professor Nilson. So, we need a little more data and a little more management. Since I'm talking about data, I'll show you where it comes from in a moment. the data that I'm going to show here. That's the work we do. soying money maker. As a producer here in the interior of J from Castilhos, working with the only The goal is to make money. That's what I learned from my father. settler, gringo, ciroline, that we work to earn money. So what have we done there? 10 years, aunt? We're going inside farming. Each of these little dots here is a farming. For example, from Seeds Aurora, for example, by Rodrigo Rossato. So, we're going inside the crop farming for diagnosis, Identify the problem. I'll show it to What do we do inside the... crops. Take a look at this Video, please. Ah, the sounds. Let's see. The sound is exciting. He has to have the sound. Where is? No problem. Now let's go Looking here, see. Mom of sound. Each of these tiny stitches is a labor of love. Okay, here? What do we do inside the crops And what do we harvest from the crop? whole. It's not just a small piece of farmland, It's really the entire crop that we we harvested. How do we do this with Partners? So here are all the our partners that allow us to be traveling through 16 states of Brazil today and six departments of Paraguay for collect data. Next time I need to sound What results do we bring back beforehand? Before getting into irrigation, let's move on to what? What matters is that the producer makes money. But So, guys, I'm not going to show you. Nice photo for you, I'll show you. given. Me with the professor, the female professor Mirta will speak in a little while. THE people believe in the X-axis and the Y-axis with a trend Nice photo, but we don't quite believe it. after artificial intelligence. Then let's go. X-axis and Y-axis with data farming. So, the X-axis, productivity. Y-axis, profit. So here we have each A little ball like that is a crop. So it's not a vase, it's not a part of it University, it's a field. Mayor, the What do we measure? How much did he produce, if he earned anything? money, or money was lost. Then Let's go, let's get the 245 harvest. purple ball. Produced one, lost one. money. Produced two, lost money. also. He produced three, resulting in a draw. It produced four, it starts to win. money. He produced five, earning more. money still. By producing six, he won. More money. Okay then, Mayor. Which What is the trend we are seeing? As The more we produce, the more we earn. Wonder. Now let's move on to the 21/22 harvest. Yellow balls. It produced 1.5 tons, it lost money. It produced 2 tons, resulting in a tie. He produced 3 tons and made money. It produced 4 tons, it earned more money still. It produced 5 tons. He won a money trick. Produced 6 tons, he earned a ton of money. What am I showing here? First, The same trend. The more it produces, more earns. So, first important message, If we want to make money, we We need to produce soybeans. There is no other alternative. Win Money belongs to those who produce a lot. Professor, let's compare two harvests. Now, professor. Harvest 24 25. And here I ask a question. For you. Remember that I am Professor, huh? And I like to ask questions to whom Sit right in the front. Who harvested 50 sacks last season? It was a tie, but who harvested 50 sacks in Harvest 21 22 won two. What is the main factor that explains the difference? We harvested 50 bags in both harvests because in one we tied and in the On the other hand, we make money. Which one is it? the main factor that explains this, Professor Jess? Very good. Price of Soybeans, Professor Jesse. Excellent. Price of soy. How's the price of the stone? today? I looked in the chamber now of morning, 112 with 50. How much did it cost? 2021, 2022? 200 on the stone. 204. Mayor. Mayor, look, we as producers, Now, speaking from producer to producer, We can achieve it today, if we want to. Selling soybeans from 204? Yes or no? No, unfortunately not. What can we do? What to do with the producer? Produce more. It's no use complaining about the price of soy. We did not change the price of soybeans. THE What we need to worry about is harvesting. moreover, because regardless of the harvest, The more we harvest, the more we... wins. Very good. Now I'll put the paper down. the gringo hat here in the countryside of Júlio de Castilhos. I worry about cost, mayor. Now there you have it, the cost. When I retired, Mayor Santa Maria, I went home and told my father: "No, Dad, now we have to invest, father. Let's add plenty of fertilizer. "Quite fungicidal". My father used to say: "No, kid, it's not quite right." That's right, kid. We have to give a saved up, every now and then it gives a dry. Well, that's what we did. together with Professor GC when Were you going to Paraná? We started to look at how much the producers were spending and relating it to profit, or In other words, what he invested in farming, in lease, in fertilizer, in fungicide and the How much money did he earn? Professor, what were we looking for? A trend. What did we see, professor? It doesn't exist. trend. It's not a question of investing. little, it's not a question of investing in Whether or not to invest is a matter of investment. very. What we need, and it's a lot... It's good to have the gang here who are studying, they are good agronomists, good technicians to go into the fields, Identify the problem and invest wisely. So it's not about investing little or investing That's a very good investment. That's what they The data shows us. So, what is it? First message? How do I win? Making money producing soybeans? Not with pretty words, but with an X-axis. Y-axis. Harvesting more, because regardless of harvest, the more I harvest, the more I Earning and investing, right? That's no small thing. In the middle or very much so, that's for sure. So we Make money by harvesting more, by investing. Okay. Spectacular. Here I am. Sunday in the morning colloj. Thank God it rained. Dr. Giovano, I'm wondering How much does it mean to harvest more? How much more does harvesting mean? To spoon more is to spoon 50 or to spoon more is spoon 80, or spoon more is spoon 100, Or, to harvest more means to harvest 120. What defines that? Where am I? So we're going inside the crops to determine the maximum that the People can harvest. So let's go to a field first. irrigated. How much can we harvest in a Irrigated farming depends on the climate. of the sun, of the temperature and of the cultivar that we chose and a good plant distribution. So the irrigated potential, oh, pay attention, it's the maximum I can harvest from a crop if I don't have any losses due to handling. Now we're going to a part of crops in Rio Grande that are from dryland. Professor, what is the potential for dryland farming? That's the most I can do. I can harvest it depending on the weather, mainly. the rain, the cultivar, that I choose, and the soil type What do you mean, professor? Put What has entered the soil now? Because The soil enters as a water tank. A solo More clayey soil retains more water. One Sandy soil retains less water. Very good. So I have two farms. The mayor of Boa Vista is telling me that He's going to put in two pivots. So we're going Think about managing your crops well with the I'm sending irrigated patterns and their crops. in the dryland. Oh, pay attention here. What do I call the What is the difference between irrigated and rainfed farming? Loss for what reason? Loss for too good, loss for water. So, looking at this difference, I know. Is it worth it for me to invest in a pivot or no. So I'm separating what is Water loss. Are there other losses? He has Loss due to handling. That's where nutrition comes in. plant, disease, insect, nematode. Spectacular. I'm not going to go into too much detail. loss due to handling, I'll stay here longer in Water loss. So let's go. What did we do? teacher? Where did it come from, how did it... Sir, do you estimate the potential? Who likes Study hard, kids, oh, teacher! Valnei, suggest a topic for the kids later. Go to this website here, www.ildgap.org. This shows how we estimate the irrigated potential and the potential of dryland. So, the numbers that I'm going to Speaking to you is the most robust way that exists in the world to cherish potential. So let's go, Mr. Molinario. Potential irrigated. How much can we afford? producing soybeans in Brazil if we irrigate? Dr. Carlos. Average age in years? 18. So it is not Neither the best year nor the worst. Us We took the 18-year-old vibe and put it in. here. So let's take a look. Brazil, if we irrigate our crops and do the handling, as it should be done, is not just Put in a pivot, huh? First you have to go Water well and then you have to fertilize to Yes, fungicide for that, all with mano costume. How much can we afford? irrigate? I'm going to focus more on Rio Grande do South. Here are the numbers. If we irrigate water well from the middle of Santa Maria downwards Our target is 100, Giovano. From Santa Maria upwards, our target is 117. Numbers, hard numbers. I don't work with Magic here. Here is the number that we You can trust them to make the investment. Awesome! Let's go to the dry season, because What is the topic of the lecture? As Did we lose? So, look at the value of irrigated water, 100 and 117. Now we did the same thing and we estimate the potential for drought relief Brazil. Attention, potential for dryland farming in Brazil. First news, we are in the region. with the highest climate risk in Brazil for if you want to produce soybeans in rainfed conditions. If we think about the southern half of Rio Big, Looking back at our 18 years of rain, we We have a potential of 50 bags. 50. If we think about the high cross, going to Passo Background, sense of missions, Our potential is around 80 bags. What is our filet mignon where it hangs? Why love Vacaria? So, ladies and gentlemen, the potential for dryland farming It varies from 50 to 100. Southern half of the river. Large, 50. Without where? Over there in the Vacaria region. Is everything alright? So let's go. How much do we lose? What is the impact of water on soybeans over an average of 18 years? Is it worth it or not? A pivot in Rio Grande? These values ​​here represent the loss. I took a look. The color shows how much we lose. every year. Every year. Southern half of Rio Grande, How much do we lose due to drought? Of 50, 60 sacks per hectare. I remember when I visited Giovan in 2014, partial agriculture putting the first pivot. Best investment of all. Because the number is here, 50, 60 bags per year. Let's go to Cruz Alta, a large region. here. How much are we losing? 1 one and a half to two tons all years due to drought. Every year. Every year. That's quite an investment, huh, Mayor? So, here's the number. My mission I was going to come here and present the number. THE how much do we lose due to lack of Water in the Rio Grande. Here in Vacaria, very few, eight. draw. Southern half 60. Here in the region Rio Grande's granary, 30 sacks per hectares per year. That's what we lose. due to water deficiency. a few more years, A few years less, but on average 18 years old. the That's it. Very good. It froze up a bit there, full that you were a speaker tomorrow, Dr. Giovano, we can't just show the Good things, we have to show things Bad too. This is a photo of Giovana Paranelo. Harvest 21 22 and 22 23. So, all of our numbers are not It's just theory, right? It's practical. It's practical. That's the reality. Right? So we already know how much It's on the table because there's no water. But why that, mayor, that you irrigate or Will you irrigate? First, it's because of this... big loss and then because of the risk. So what did we do? What has been the climate risk over the last 40 years? years? Professor Nilson. Now the part economic. Now everyone listen up. Now let's give the screw a turn. here. Dr. César. It's Dr. César. Good students, How do I represent 40 years? It can be with a period, Rodrigo. I'll take it. I put a point here and represent it with the average. As I showed you before, the average value. But as the producer I I want to know the risk. So we took the potential of the 10 worst harvest and we call it the lower mustache. We take the box and represent Nilson, 20 years old, the middle. And we caught it. also the five, the 10 best harvest. Okay Here are the 10 best harvests, mustache. superior, oh. So pay attention because now we Let's get practical. Lower mustache 10 worst harvest. Middle box, 20 average harvest. Moustache top 10 good harvest. Why should I go? First, because of the loss. giant that I have and then to Reduce risk. I think like a producer, I'll talk to Professor GCA at CCGL, go ahead. Now I'm going to Dubai with a pivot, I'm... quiet. I'll demonstrate this in practice. We calculated What is the risk I face if I... to plant a cultivar in dryland farming. Remember the explanation I gave about the 40. years. Here are all the seasons of sowing, and this is as much as I can. I'll harvest what the weather allows. You Look at the cucumber. We will plant on October 20th. I Can I harvest 500 kg or can I harvest 5,000 kg. We will plant on November 30th. I Can I harvest 500 kg or can I harvest 5,000 kg? So when I plant in drought, oh, It varies from 8 to 90 bags. I never know. How much will I harvest? Auntie, I'm a producer. How am I going to make an investment? Considering the current price of fertilizer, what's the best way to improve fertilization? with a risk this big right here, look. It's not easy, But then I'll irrigate it. Then I'll irrigate it. Let's see the risk that I have. The risk is the distance between a mustache and other. If I water, I have a risk of harvesting between 60 and 117. And what dictates this is my era. sowing. So, two important pieces of information. First, it's about how much I lose by water and then the security that I have when I irrigate. Here are the numbers. How many years, teacher? 40. Let's talk about corn for a bit. Which one is it? What is the potential for irrigation in corn? Those The price here is per sack per hectare. Then, the region that harvests the least, less than 240. The region that harvests the most, 300. Potential for dryland farming. Whoa, whoa, now that's complicated. It has reduced considerably. But we'll show you It's a real loss. We are interested. Here's how much the Rio Grande Loss due to lack of water. So here are numbers annual in the region that loses the least 60. In the region who loses more than 80. So this information is important. huh? So here are the numbers, how much that Rio Grande loses in soy and Corn due to water deficiency. Those Numbers are harsh. Hard science, none invention. But watering alone is not enough. It needs to be watered well. Here are some examples of irrigation. Hey, I went to learn from the crop kids. that you can't see. Good music, boss. That's it, kid. It does not give to see the leaf turning. I found out from the kids that you can't. Turning the page on a pivot. If you turn the page num pivot means that things are bad. I did not know That one. There are some times here This is happening, look. So this pivot is Losing because it took too long to irrigate. Here are some other examples. Here's more Examples. So it's not just about putting in the pivot, It needs irrigation. Aunt, because we... We believe in that, man, we put together a Irrigation company. Today we have a monitoring system that works with irrigation. We're right next door. I invite everyone to stop by. talk to, to Lago and to Michel. We truly believe and we know that this will do the difference for Rio Grande. But what do we look at? first? That's how it is. When we Irga, you don't have to think about the water, you have Something to think about regarding the plant. There must be plenty of water in the knife soybean until the end of the grain filling stage. No Yes, professor. But if it's missing, Professor, what's happening? If this period is missing now, look, Here is the pocketknife. This is the end of grain filling. Those who irrigate cannot I've seen this here in the fields. If some vag fell right from the bottom, It means there was a water shortage here. In that period here. There was a water shortage during that period. The plant aborts. If there was a water shortage on this side here, What's going to happen? First, this is going to happen. It will abort the grain, then the weight will to be smaller. So, we need to understand plants. to ensure proper irrigation. Another important point, Our climate varies, and this has an impact. in handling. Look, you, now you can't speak. That's a sound, huh, kid? Don't let me down. Day one I'm asking you, yes, it needs irrigation. or not? Answer me yes or no? Some yes, some no. It is fine. Day two. This is a real-life example from farming. It needs watering. Yes or no? Some yes, some no. Very good. Let's go See what the producer told us. DUST. Oh, the way the land is here, oh. Oh, it's soaked. There's no need to water today, nor tomorrow. Awesome! The producer in the method Old irrigation systems are not needed. Day 3, How's the crop going? Like this. Why? Because we have to look at the soil, the plant. and the weather. And you have to know the How much water is in the tank? water. Professor, difference in productivity. First, let's understand the what happened. The soybeans were in the period... critical. Let me show you. here. Critical period. What happened to the water limit? The soil was going down, but it wasn't possible to... Seeing it only by touch. So, a pivot doesn't We irrigated, we did what the producer... We didn't irrigate it, though. The other pivot and We irrigate. We have to trust science. What happened to an error of irrigation? A mistake. 65 bags where we don't irrigate and 86 bag where we irrigate. A mistake. So we no longer have room for error. Here are other producers that we... They're working together and doing an excellent job. work. Guys, This brings me to the end of my presentation. As a teacher, it can't be any different. Test and oral exam. Who wants to answer? The first one? Don't all raise your hand at once. Very good. What's your name, old man? William, The answer is yes or no, Guilherme. People can change the climate, yes or no. no? Very good, correct answer. Platoon Facing the camera is always good. Who wants Answer the second question? Ah, very good, Ingrid. We, as agronomy students, We're having a practical lesson today, we... is able to change the price of soybeans in Chicago Stock Exchange? Yes or no? Very good. No. Excellent. So, for us, as producer, as a consultant, We talk so much about the weather and soybean prices? There's no point in us talking about it. That's what we We haven't changed it. We will not change that. THE What do we have to talk about? What opportunities do we have? What are the opportunities? Soy. In Rio Grande, we are losing. Up to 60 sacks of soybeans per hectare per year. Corn, we are losing due to lack of water, up to 80 bags per hectares per year. How many years? 18 years old. So, look, who... Now we're going to... an important aspect. I got the price of the campala today from morning. I multiplied 60 by 112.5 and 80 based on the price of corn. It's 55 on the stone in Campal. How much did that cost in How much money per year? With today's prices? These are today's prices. That's the number. That's what's staying in table due to lack of water. So, who can do irrigation? It has the security of putting money into pocket. And speaking of money, aunt, who I have a R$ 200 bill for me. to loan? 200. I know it's there, look. Ah, those Producers who come from Alegreta, I'm going I'll tell you, boy. Guys, we have money, huh? Look at that. Thank you very much, There's no mistake. The rice farmers have money, There is water. Hey everyone, what's the message that... What did I want to leave for you? So you see the 200 bill? When can we irrigate? When the Can people irrigate? I know that not everyone can. In my We can't build a house because of the terrain. but who can irrigate this 200, with good irrigation, a Good management means putting the 200 in the pocket of producer, because the number is here. But who can irrigate and isn't irrigating or You're irrigating it poorly, do you know what you're doing? with 200. Pay attention now. Okay Doing this here, look. Oh, it's doing this here. So, it was That's the message I wanted to convey. For you. Harsh message based on data. Attention now of Pretty, isn't it? Spectacular. I don't have There's no doubt that gaucho music will dominate the Brazil. There won't be any for funk, for countryside. Listen to the melody of the baitaca. But it's a joke, but I have one. Message here. Music, beautiful words, opinions, everything. Okay, but let's not get confused. Music, beautiful words, opinion and miracles. Agriculture no longer has room for... that. Don't believe in miracles. For people making decisions in agriculture, prec Data, and reliable data. That's what's going to happen. to make us earn money. It's not me. That's what I'm saying. This gentleman with hair whites, your Var in Buffet, the most successful investor of the 20th century. THE The risk isn't in the weather. We already know. our climate and we know the loss that... People have it for water. The risk lies in not to know exactly what we are doing it within our crops and we We have to be careful with the producer. Because we act a lot on emotion. THE Sir, do you believe, Mayor, that we Did we stop selling soybeans in 204? I don't know if this happened with another producer. here, but we left because I acted with the emotion. I thought it was 210. I ask: "Who here is Catholic or Do I believe in God or a higher power? Put "Please raise your hand." Very good. I brought a phrase from the Bible. Old Testament. Blessed is the The man who finds wisdom and the man who acquire knowledge. So I congratulate once again... organizing committee promoting a debate where we bring knowledge and serious knowledge for a decision-making process that allows the Producer to earn more money. Anyone interested in a good course irrigation, just send me a WhatsApp message. then water properly and harvest more or less. a chat with the kids over there Ercrop. Final message. What is the path to profitability? Not with a photo, with pretty words, with X-axis and Y-axis. The path of Profitability is only one thing. Spoon more. Remember the picture. The more we The more you harvest, the more we gain. And it is not Whether investing a little or a lot, it's still investing. Okay. So we're going to do it this way. now. I'll ask Eitor. my cell phone, I'll leave the microphone on. And we're going to do the following, everyone there. What should I order? Do you understand? Umada here. Harvest more by investing wisely. Thank you very much. Awesome! I return the floor to madam. Thank you very much. The lady is in heaven. Amen. Hey professor, this one's for me. as a gift. I thought we were going to draw lots, but since I I won. It's OK. He even asked him the question, right? One question really tore the 200 note apart. Did you tear up the 200 bill? Moments of tension. Thank you very much, professor. What a great way to start the class off on the right foot! Our morning. So, when we Put a number on the loss, and the conversation changes. right? It's no longer abstract, it's real. and it is It is measurable and urgent. What if drought is the However, irrigation is part of the problem. response. I think that's all there is to it. Clear to everyone, but irrigate well. It goes far beyond simply connecting a pivot. Let's go For the next lecture this morning. Where is the teacher? I'll call our next one then. The speaker is a professor at the FSM. decades and one of the greatest experts of the country in water management in systems agricultural. Dr. Mirta Petri will be with us. to present a diagnosis of the losses. Water resources in agriculture and pathways concretes to increase productivity with irrigation. Dr. Mirta, be very welcome. Eh, It passes by and comes back here. Thanks. Good morning everybody. I I want to take this opportunity to express my gratitude at the beginning of my... lecture for the professor, for João Teles, who has been working with this topic of irrigation here and that also has us approximate for future work of many gains here for Cruzalta. I would also like to thank Claudia, right, who was in contact with me during all these last few days for so much both for the lecture and for the work that They will all come here together. Thank you also the mayor of Cruzalta Here's a very special thank you to Rose and Antonio, right? Antonio, who He just told me that he spurred me. Through the internet, right, for one to coordinating a very important task What's important is that we have here with the Irrigation hub in Rio Grande do Sul. So, I work with irrigation and I work with Cruzalta, especially there It's been a long time, hasn't it? So, when Camila He was talking about João's work in front of irrigation club, I remembered that it's in property over there belonging to Mr. João Teles, eh back in the early days of the system Herriga, I almost got bitten by one. It's a dog, right? But, uh, I'm telling you that the dog lost to me in that It's a struggle, isn't it? So we already have stories here. So way beyond of us working here with the part I also want to work in irrigation. with you, with you here, the part contextualizing the area here in Rio Grande do Sul, which is the work that... people have with the irrigation hub of the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. And then I'm going to work a little with data from the way we manage things and the losses that we have based on what the People call them indicators. bioclimatic, which is what we We need to do this to reduce the risk. of losses due to everything that comes occurring, which is an increase in temperature. and a decrease in the amount of rain or of rainfall distribution. So, in that This is the initial part I want to show. This is precisely the starting point for you. this work that we are coordinating with João Teles here and with Mauricio at the irrigation hub of Rio Grande do Sul, which is a project together with the Ministry of Integration and of Regional Development and that already It's in progress, which is us doing a diagnosis and planning of expansion of the irrigated area within the hub and also in other regions of the pole. So I I bring you some results. Initials, then a little more to say later. from the management part for you. Then, what have we mapped out within this of this first major project with the hub irrigation, which is what we do diagnosis of the actual area survey irrigated area that it has and then we will working with estimates of what we We need to irrigate, right? And from that an estimate of what we need irrigate, we will work with the possibility of expanding these areas within what we call a sustainable timeline, that is, from us We have water and we have energy to to support this growth in irrigation here. And then we we will also make a projection precisely what is missing or of energy supplement that we you need to have it, because to irrigate with center pivot irrigation requires energy. right? And this is a great one, one of the greats. bottlenecks that we have in terms of increase of irrigated area, that is, of us we We don't have any surplus of electricity. AND We're also going to work here on this. a very, very complicated issue, which is... decrease in revenue due to losses that we have. So, the mayor knows, The planning secretary knows, The Secretary of Agriculture knows that When there are droughts, the city government loses. very much in recipe. Now, how many are there? these recipes and how we can anticipate these losses occur long before they actually do, right? So, to do a real mapping. from that. So, we're forming a group. It took a lot of hard work for us to get there. so far and, obviously, also work with the capacity building of giants and of managers, in the sense that we have the better understanding of how much You need to have a water reservoir. of how the systems of irrigation so that we can really have a sustainable advancement of this system rule and that it is not just one implement that is on the property and that is not being used. Then me too I have the great satisfaction of already being here. to bring you a second project, right, that's when we started working with the Claudia and João make sure to have a It's been a month and it's already approved and it's already with the signature of the ministry and signature from the university, uh, that belongs to us we will conduct technical training operational and mechanized infrastructure management. shared within this hub. Then we even managed to get implements, right, so we can do patrols agricultural, that is, improving our Highways, right? so, bring equipment pro polo and that they can help Nile that We need better logistics. of transportation, because the losses are not They only occur within the crop field, they It also happens because we have roads. who are not qualified for transport this product that we we have created. So, we have several big goals here, including the issue of the help and empowerment of the small producer, aiming for an approach or a production that is for school lunches school or to encourage the use of eh irrigation also for the small producer. So this is a major breakthrough. what we have and what João told me He said, "Oh, last year it's about that..." We get a little tired of politicians. so we need to get closer and We need to join forces together. with the university, together with the hub, together with the ministry for us Let's unlock all of this. So I have It is a great pleasure to communicate. This is for you, because we finally... Let's put the machine in the field and... our management capacity within system and not just as it is the part of irrigation management, but also in management within of this set of us being able to Expand our irrigated area here. So, the numbers I can bring With you all, I've compiled a small summary. so that it wouldn't be too long either My presentation here. So, we We have a scenario that I brought here. For you, from 2020 onwards. So, look. you, who in 2020 we had 1000 190,000 hectares irrigated by center pivot central in Rio Grande do Sul, what is that That's roughly 3200 pieces of equipment. In In 2022, we had already jumped to 210,000 haar and in 2023 22,000 hectares. And you might ask: "Well, what's the result today?" What's the result for 2025 to 2026? I have it here. 275,000 irrigated farms in Rio Grande do Sul, only for the center pivot equipment. Then, Sure, all of this is distributed around 4600 equipment. And if you can observe here which are the basins that They can accommodate more pivots here. So we Here we have Alto do Jacuí, we have here is the Iju River basin The hydrographic region of the Ijuí River, the Turvo River and the Vársia River here in the São region Borg and a little further down here. So, a great advance in these irrigated areas in recent years. What if we discriminate against all of this? by municipality, we see here that the The champion in irrigated area today is... municipality of São Borja, but accompanied very close by here in the region of Cruzalta. So we have a one one a collection of all distributions This area here. So, there's a lot of data. recent data are from the end of 2025. Hmm. And if we look here... progress starting from the year 2015, then if If you look at the green here, 2015 we We had around 10,000 haar or we We had 23,000 hectares in that Upper basin. of Jacui in two, by the end of 2020 already we had 34,000 And no no no 2026 now at this moment already We're approaching 46,000. So very We'll be able to jump quickly. for 50,000 in these first three large basins. And why do we Are you working in a basin? Because work that we are developing It also involves us checking which It is the possibility of expanding the area. irrigated in these basins. And that will to depend on a very very factor It is important that it is water or a reservoir of water. So we need to know the how much does each of these basins have to possibility of increasing the area within of what we call an increase Sustainable so that we don't strangle ourselves. no river and no water source. So we need to move forward with this. sense. So within this context, we already... We have very advanced studies in two basins and one of them is here, the basin from the Jui River, with very approximate data. of what is the possibility or what is the more pivots than we have I could put it in that basin. So that It will obviously depend on the flow rate of of the rivers that are within this basin. So you can see here that it has in Some places here are blank areas. where there are no pivots. Then, Obviously, this may depend on slope of the terrain, that is, it can being a region that makes it impossible to people put a pivot for a reason specific slope of the terrain, but it could also be because there isn't one watercourse in that part or that there is no reservoir or dam or a reservation. So, therefore, I don't. I could put a pivot here. So everything This will be covered in this work. and that we will develop together with Polo and Tes, along with Mauricio, who are the big managers of this this work within the center. I was also asked to talk. a little bit with you about the need Water and management irrigation. So what do we do? Can you tell me? which obviously in the last Over the years, what has most challenged the state is... the issue of droughts. And the drought occurs because we have a total volume of rainfall that does not meet the need water, but above all a question of distribution of these rains. So, the People need to pay attention to these two things. things here. And we already know that Distribution and total rainfall is the largest The problem we have. So, if I I asked you why I need irrigate, the first answer obviously that we have less water available because rain more than that of the culture it needs. And this is especially evident in Spring and summer months, right? Then, If we look at this graph here, we rainfall in the region over the last 5 years Cruzalta, we can see here that precisely during those months of January and December, which are the hottest months. And those that require the most water, we have... a much lower amount of rainfall than what the plant needs. What if you don't have it? irrigation, obviously I will harvest much less in those areas than I I would like. So the need for irrigation, she gives much more to one The distribution of rainfall is much more poor than one for a total of rainfall. And we will See further on that, evidently, the total rainfall may exceed The need for culture, but if the If the distribution is poorly done, we don't We managed to irrigate. And the question too What we need to be able to answer is because, after all, plants are needing so much water in order to produce? And we know that in the environment Thanks, the tendency is for us to produce. much more and in the dryland environment of we produce much less for a a very simple issue of not attending to the crop water requirement and a request is always understood to mean that which the plant needs to produce. And why, after all, plants Do they need a lot of that much water? Plants they need a lot of water to produce. And the connection between these things is... Next, production means photosynthesis. So, in order for me to produce, I need to cause the plant to assimilate or that It absorbs carbon dioxide. Nonetheless, for the plant to absorb a tiny molecule of carbon dioxide, she needs to sweat 400 water molecules. 400 water molecules. So, the relationship between what the plant needs to transpire to produce, to absorb CO2, it It's very uneven for the plant. So I I need to always have this environment inside. soil with a large amount of water so that the stomachs fully open, be there all the time transpiring so that the plant can absorb as much carbon dioxide as possible and that She converts this carbon dioxide into soy. or in corn. AND In all of this, I also need to have favorable environment, that is, I need of solar radiation, I need temperature so that along with this water that the plant has available, the plant can produce. So this relationship of the need for water in order to produce, It's too uneven for the plant. Then, if we look, the plant lives all the time with two dilemmas. One is that she needs energy to to be able to produce, that is, so that the For photosynthesis to occur, the plant needs Lots of sun. But this environment where there is a lot of sun It also brings us an atmosphere. extremely dry, extremely dry. Then the plant all the time it takes away a great deal. amount of water in the soil so that the stomata are open so that she can produce. And this causes the people have a reduction in this content of Water seeps into the soil very quickly. In other words, the soil It dries very quickly. Why? Why the plant takes large quantities of water per day so that she can maintain the hydrated leaf. So, deep down, I I can always consider the plant as a hydraulic pump that passes the time whole drawing water from the soil and sending it into the atmosphere. And she sends water into the atmosphere because the atmosphere is always very dry. So, the plant doesn't have much control. about water loss through transpiration when there is water. Now, when the plant close the stoma, It won't perform photosynthesis. And why does the plant close its stomata? Because there's a lack of water in the soil. Okay There is a lack of water in the soil. So, time The entire plant makes a fight. uncontrolled with the soil, trying to remove water in order to perform photosynthesis and the not wanting to lose that water, because after all, the soil wants to maintain humidity, he doesn't want to lose it. that water. So the plant makes an effort. tremendously in order to be able to draw water and The soil trying to hold the water. Remember that the plant always faces this dilemma. Stay hydrated. And here I bring For you, here's an example of an area. irrigated here in the municipality of Cruzalta. This was the work of a my dissertation advisor master's degree. So I have here in the The graph above shows the consumption curve of water of the cycle throughout the cycle of culture. This corn was planted on the day August 30th and was harvested on the 24th. January. Remember that 2023 and 2024, 2022 and 2023 was an extremely dry year. Extremely dry. So, if we let's look at this part of the peak here Water consumption, you can see it up there. How many times do we go down that line? We're increasing by more than 8 mm per day. 8 mm per day That's 8 liters per square meter. 8 liters per square meter. So, if we catch one A 10-liter bucket is almost a bucket of water. per day. Per day. So, if I have 8 L per met square being removed in a day, another eight the next day, another eight. On the third day, how much water will there be? What's left in this soil? Very little. Very little. So, the biggest problem Our situation, under our circumstances, is that... people have a high extraction rate of It's a body of water, and no climate can withstand it. or there is no soil that has enough water stored to withstand these conditions. So, if I can't irrigate, Obviously, I'm going to produce much less. AND Luckily for us, this area here was irrigated. Look at the number 735 mm consumed by this corn throughout the cycle. If I observe here that this will Give an average of 5 mm per day, because After all, we had 147 here. Cycle days. Now, how about this corn? It was irrigated, and it was well irrigated, and How do I know that this corn was... Well irrigated? Because we need to to reach inside the soil if that soil It had sufficient moisture. Then Here we have a graph of how it went. behavior of humidity throughout this cycle. So, if I look at the line of above, that which Professor Alencar previously demonstrated the value of capability. of the field, which would be the total amount of water that this soil can retain, that is, that Water that does not drain easily. And here in second line I have one that the People easily call it water. available. So, what does the plant like? or what the plant is able to extract is the that is in between these two lines And what we call comfort. water. So, the green line is what I I imagined it was there. And the line, the The red dots were the sensor's humidity that he measured, installed inside of this pivot. So, you see that practically throughout the entire cycle I I managed to retain moisture in this soil. even in an extremely dry year, inside of this water comfort. Why do I Do I know that? Because there was a sensor there. AND How much did that corn produce? 16,600 kg. In a population of 85 plants per met². or 85,000 plants per hectare and 15,700 kg in 70,000 plants per hectare. And how much was irrigated? 400 mm. Why? Because that year there was only 320 mm of rain. Rain. Is this or is this not a large amount of water? It's a large quantity of water. So, of course, the income or the Response to yield depends on how how was this irrigation managed throughout this culture. Now let's see here that the It's always interesting for me to know when I I'm talking about management that happens at the beginning of the cycle. You can see it here by this blue line. that which initiates the consumption cycle is much smaller. Why? Because the plant is small. Now, as the plant As it grows, it requires more. Water, and I'll have to have it, the pivot has... having the capacity to irrigate that. So, what does more water mean? It's 15, 16 mm Every 2 days. 15 or 16 mm every 2 days that the plant He withdrew. So, when are you going to go, who is it? The irrigator knows that the pivot irrigation system has losses. So you would need to irrigate on average. 20 mm every two days. What if you go? have the patience to sit to the side of dam to see how much it varies the water level in the dam, when removes a quantity of water like that, Can you see the water level dropping? right? And if it doesn't rain, there's no recharge, we are going to have water loss due to lack of water. for irrigation. That's why one of the themes of our... Our project with the center is for us to see... also the storage capacity. Now, What happens when I have a dryland farming? Obviously I can have all the factors of production in my field, working inside the excellent. And when I say within the optimal, with good temperature, with radiation available and with a good pH, with the nutrients, all of them available, if I don't have water, It's no use. So, in that case Here, you can see the big difference that... It was from the irrigated area to Siqueiro on that same day. year. So, in the dryland, starting from the moment when culture began to enter During the flowering season, there was a lack of water. And in the dryland, no, I have no way Rig, right? In the dryland I have no way rigar. So, if you look there, the Why did the blue curve decline? Why Did culture consume less? by a very simple reason, because there wasn't Water in the soil. There was no water in the soil. AND What has this culture produced? That Culture here, if I were to look, the deficit The water supply was very significant and I I had a water deficiency, that is to say, that there was a lack of water for that crop of 380 mm. I mean, I have no way to expect that this culture will produce in these conditions. So, this corn here... The dryland farm produced just over 3000 kilos. So, if I were to put this at the tip from the pencil and thinking monetarily, because Professor Alencar says that He's a foreigner, uh, I'm German, right? So, they say that stubborn is the one who is stubborn. With German, right? It's for you to see with Who are you dealing with, right? So see Well, if you put it here at the tip of pencil, the plant consumed 50% less water and this resulted in a 76% reduction in yield with regard to irrigation. So, nobody can withstand a loss of income so large on a property. And that's why That's what João said before... If people had 30% of our area irrigated, we would not have, no We would need to work with insurance. Because that's the idea, that we can... to map out what, after all, is the a loss of income that we have with And how much would we need to have? irrigated area for us to compensate these losses that you have. And today we have technologies for us to see how much it is I need to rig in a year in several eh planting seasons. So here, for For example, we are working with Corn for the São Borja region. So we used data from 2010 to 2022, and in a year when it was least needed irrigation, but it needed irrigation of Anyway, and in the year that most It needed irrigation. If we go transplanting similar scenarios Here in the region, for example, of Cruz High, imagining that I would use a... a CAD of 30 mm, that is, that I allow that the water drainage be 30 mm. In the Cruzalta region, I would need for sowing on October 5th and 20th In October, I would need Irrigation should be done every year. All years without irrigation. This here for corn. From a lower value in a year in which It rains to a value that reaches close to 200 mm per month on average in years that are dry. If we go to the region that demands the most irrigation today, which is São Borja, we Let's see how high the bars go. with regard to the high cross, that is, very more need for irrigation for these same planting records for the region of São Borja. So, we need to be prepared when we go to put one A pivot irrigation system so we can have water for irrigation. Because I need a lot of water here. so that we can compensate for these losses. THE The same is true for soybeans. Then, So, in the case of soybeans, for example, if I do... consider a water drain from soil of 50 and 70 mm, using here 25% of the years that t less water needs, so it's years which are normal during rainy weather and the different sowing dates, we can you see that for sowings of 15 From December 10th to 15th. Just by looking at the colors here, when I have it even when I I have a good year for rain, I need go. I need to go to maintain that my income expectations. So, the more red there is on the map, But I would need to irrigate it. Now, if I observe the dry years, that is, 75% of the years with the highest water demand, Look here at how the map changes, the how much redder the map became irrigate soybeans under these same conditions. AND I'm telling you all here, this work It's not mine, that's someone else's work. A professor from Pelotas. It's exhausted, we work with 50 and 70 mm drains are very for our conditions. Why? Why Our soils dry out very quickly and a Once the soil dries out, you have no choice but to... Is it possible to rehydrate this soil? especially with a pivot. So this work That gives you an idea of ​​how much we There needs to be water in the dam to to be able to irrigate these areas of ours here. AND What more can we say? Look, We depend on the weather, and we don't have... interference with the climate other than Irrigate when there is a dry year. OK? So what happens when I have A dry year? He is bad from the point of view of dryland farming, but he is Excellent for those who have irrigation. Put what? Because I have availability to energy, I have availability of I have energy and water. So this The work here was done there in university. We needed 600 mm of rain for the crop, that was... It irrigated 300 and it rained 312. This means that There was no water loss and it was produced 210 bags. Now, what happens? when we have a year of Elninho or A year of heavy rain? We irrigate very little. you can see it here through these bars in Dark blue, very little irrigation. There's very little sun now either. Very little sun. And look at that, a thousand such millimeters of rain and almost everything was although, drained and lost through drainage. And what What's happening? The loss here, the profit. It was 140 sacks per hectare. So, both dry years and In very humid years, they are bad for our planning here, because in a year Because of the heavy rain, we have a lot of Loss due to runoff or percolation. And that's why we need to try. To better manage planting dates. We need to work the soil better. And that's why I always say that management is almost... everything when you talk about agriculture irrigated, because after all the Plants don't talk, right? So if I ask the plant what it wants She needs water today, she won't know. So I need to have instrumentation. that can better define the issue of When do you start irrigating and what is the amount of water you need apply in a way that I can more to calmly look at my crops and see things happen so that I can observe them. on a tablet or on a computer on the on the images that are coming from the field and me They say that after all, my Farming is within what I had. expected. So, thank you all very much. I hope I have provided you with information that you I'm very excited so they can use it. with the work we have here inside the center and I will be there more often. You guys here. Thank you very much. at the beginning There, I served. Thank you very much, professor. I like that I have two microphones so I don't have to... problem, to ensure. Guys, before to call our next speaker, who This includes international direct from Switzerland, right? Switzerland, isn't it? I wanted to call you and summon you to do questions in this folder that you have inside the folder. There's a QR code here in the middle. We are Very chic and modern. So you guys They can read the QR code with their camera. cell phone that goes directly to the form and You can ask questions, okay? So it is It's interesting that you're listening and as questions arise send it so it doesn't accumulate at the time of debate, okay? So don't forget to Send your questions over to us. Doctor. Mirta, thank you so much for the lesson. that you gave us here. And now I want you to Let's broaden our horizons a bit, shall we? Because irrigation is not a challenge unique to Rio. In Rio Grande do Sul, it's a global issue. THE The whole world is talking about it and Brazil has much to learn by watching. For the world. So, our third speaker, uh, who will talk about a A comprehensive view of irrigation management is the Dr. Reimar Carleço. It's one of the biggest names of irrigation in Brazil, professor from UFSM, with decades dedicated to agricultural engineering and efficient use of water in the field. he will bring us a global view of irrigation management and participates today then for Video conference directly from Switzerland. So, Dr. Heimar, thank you for being with us from another country, in another Time lapse, but a gift to give us yet another classroom. So, remembering that the questions Just scan the QR code and send it to our team that's on standby there Receiving, agreed? Hello, good morning. I need a response to know if you... They are listening. He is, He is. Good morning, Good morning, Reyar. It's T. We're listening here, just... We are analyzing and fixing the image, but the your return is Let us know when everything is OK there. to start. OK. He's coming. Arriving. Come, Mari. It's 3:30 PM, 5 hours later than in Cruz Alta. You were attending the lectures. I'm following the lectures and I stayed very happy to hear Alencar say a part later the sound was interrupted, but I watched Mirta in its entirety, uh, I listened. In its entirety, right, because the image was It's cut short, but what's very interesting is... that the two speakers presented prior to this presentation of mine here. It's already on, it's already on the screen here. Now it's all up to you. Good lecture and us We are anxious here. OK. Ah, a first good morning to everyone. Eh, I could tell by the way the people were dressed there. It's been a really harsh winter, hasn't it? It started strong, everyone took the coats from the closets there to be protect from the trio that makes it intense in Brazil in recent days, particularly all of Brazil. It is a great pleasure to present... the work that we are developing there with irrigation in For the last 40 years, I have dedicated... Irrigation has been a big part of my life. So it's always a great joy. return to Cruzalta, this time in a different way Different, virtual, but Cruzalta is where we started the management, monitoring, irrigation. So, it's part of the story. from UFSM, it's part of my history and I have a very strong connection with Cruzalta, and particularly with Teles. Teles has been in contact with me recently. When I go to Brazil, I go with a specific frequency for Brazil, but coincidentally now, at the beginning of May, the commitments here in Europe and also in other parts that we are providing Services are busy and I couldn't manage it. to be there in person with everyone you. So, I would like to express my immense gratitude to TIS. for the effort of putting on this event is in Cruzalta. we know about difficulties that agriculture is facing facing, not only in Brazil, but also globally. So, put a irrigation event at this time is challenging, and due to the number of entries, number of participants that I am By following along, success is guaranteed and and the challah, we have much more repercussions from this event. So, I thank Teles for the invitation. I thank you on behalf of Teles and on behalf of Teles throughout the organizing committee, that there are several people involved in to put on an event of this magnitude and with this with this complexity at a moment as difficult as I mentioned regarding rice. So, congratulations to the entire committee. organizer and I appreciate the name of Tes I'm not going to name just one person. And so as not to forget, it's all of those that in a direct or indirect way They collaborated on this event. Let's go so bring some information there about irrigation on a global scale. Eh, I'm going to... uh... uh... what's needed today for we provide the best irrigation recommendation, best use irrigation and where and what are the paths that we are following or the which paths are necessary and what are they? the great challenges that we From now on, we will face not only in irrigation management, in management agronomic, in the management of inputs, but of agriculture as a whole. So, today, Well, with the technologies available that we possess today in the middle, we We need to be much more creative than who we were before. And these are the big ones. challenges that we have as professionally, we have as producers And we have that as a company. So, the The challenge is for everyone. I'll bring a little. from mine, let me see if I can change from my experience regarding that. So, water is fundamental. for humanity. So, it doesn't exist. Agriculture without water is fundamental. for food safety. So, we We've seen three crises recently in 6 years. We had the pandemic, then we had and continue to have the war between Iran, between Ukraine and Russia and more recently the war with Iran and in the Middle East. Then, It brought many problems, not just local ones. but also global. And this causes the people need to look at agriculture. one with a more globalized vision and not more intimate, more inward belly button. Eh eh we have to do Exactly the opposite. So the Food security today is a Everyone's concern. So we can Note, no, Brazil doesn't have concern for safety. Could it be Yes, maybe no, but health or let's suppose, profitability Producers' income depends on prices. global commodities. So, we have There is a growing demand observed there. ever-increasing amount of food, not just of volumes, but also mainly of quality of production. Just so you have a very big idea, today in The world relies on irrigation for 22% of its land, and that... It produces around 44% there. What do I What am I trying to convey with this? For us to do an assessment of what we are Irrigating in Brazil. And probably the Lineu is here with you. He must Comment below what percentage of area it is. irrigated with more precision than we We are observing this in Brazil, but It's certainly less than 10%. So we have a long road to travel to increase the irrigated area. And when we We talk about irrigation, we talk about use. The role of water in agriculture. And that This represents 70% of the total water, which is of the total captured worldwide, 20% is in the industry and Only 10% is residential. So, that What we use in the city is a small fraction of what we use for production of fiber foods there which represents 44% of the irrigated area Total global fiber intake from foods. Us We consume water daily, the gaucho more than average, because on average we We consume 2 to 4 liters of water per person. However, this is consumption. But no However, our daily lives cause that People use around 2 to 5 m³ of water per day, in direct form or Indirect impact on food production. So, food production consumes a huge amount of water. Amir I was bringing it there in millimeters by hectares that were irrigated there for produce that were applied in irrigation to produce 16 tons of Corn per hectare. So the volume of water The amount needed for irrigation is enormous and we need to have that volume in right moment with the right amount eh eh let's assume it is applied in accordance with cultural need. So this is a It is a great challenge for us to allocate this. large volume of water at the moment correct. So, for example, there one one a The production of 1 kg of beef consumes 16 almost 16,000 L of water. So the The volume of water is enormous. Bringing some data there and possibly that's where Linnaeus and the Mirta already brought some things from Rio. Greater South in terms of area irrigated. We currently have 9.2 millions of hectares irrigated in Brazil as a whole, of which 9.2, more Of the 2 million, that's for the center pivot, which is... eh teles time organizing committee, the main focus of the expansion of irrigated agriculture in Rio Grande do South. We have to focus on all of them. irrigation systems, but prioritizing the central pivot, because we we can uh uh grow quickly a surface with minimal labor and with the bare minimum of necessity, let's go. to assume, therefore, of investments significant in the implementation of irrigation. So, we're talking about it. in 2 million hectares per pivot. And there is It should be noted that the greater increase It has occurred in the last 15 years, since 2010. here. So, a significant increase in irrigated areas. In Rio Grande do South, Mirta went into a lot of detail, eh eh clearly what the main ones are poles. I'm not going to get into it, uh, the same. It's in the same direction, but only here. bringing the distribution map that she It has already been presented, but I couldn't see it. The image is of irrigated areas in the South. THE My number is 250,000. Mirta was much more precise, she arrived. in 275,000 hectares. But one detail here, Telegraphs and personal, Let's observe the growth there. irrigations that took place from 95 until last year in Barreiras, Cristalina, Paracatu, São Desidério and Unaí. Then we are talking about these municipalities with more than 60,000 1000 haar and with gigantic growth in the last 2-3 years years. The same process will happen. naturally in Rio Grande do Sul. We we are breaking through the main limitations that we We had in the past, which was energy electrical, which was the environmental part. Breaking down these barriers or minimizing them uh uh these barriers, we will grow significantly basically with investments private, without the need for assistance from the state, from government aid, whether whatever it may be, but simply with private investments. So we We also want to have it in Rio Grande do Sul. a city or a municipality with more out of 50,000 irrigated. So, let's go. Put that as a goal. Let's see in how many years are we going to... in how many It will take us years to reach a objective there of 50,000 1000 haar no municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, bringing a vision of agriculture and irrigation in Europe, since I am Speaking from Switzerland, where I reside. It's been like this for several years, but I also have peace. from Santa Maria, I am frequently in Brazil, so I never lost mine. connection with Santa Maria, with the university, also with the sector productive. But here in Europe we have 57 million hectares of cattle. eh eh 13 million hectares under agriculture organic. This is important to mention, which is not our biggest concern and This is not our area of ​​operation in Brazil. But it's interesting that 22% In agriculture in Europe, it is done with organic farming and growing significant figures year after year. So, concern for the environment is growing bigger and bigger. So this is one of the things that we need to look at internally for Brazil, like us we can also take advantage of this growth, this and this moment for to communicate better with them main players uh uh consumers of our products on a global scale. So here in Europe we only have the Illustration title, 10 million properties, with 2/3 of that The properties are areas of 5 hectares, so we are talking about small and medium property. which already is and is micro for Brazil scale, because we don't Today we are able to maintain traditional commodities, a family with 5, 10 haar, the scale is very bigger and all of this and this audience that It's right there with you, Teles, you know about this. difficulty. Oh, another piece of information. What's important is that 72% Most of the farmers are men. In Brazil, This proportion is even higher, but it is... Women's participation in agriculture has increased significantly in Brazil. That's very positive. But there are some aspects here in Europe. which is very worrying. One, only one For every 10 producers, there are fewer than 40 years old. This is a total The opposite of what we observe in Brazil. And here is the number of people who work in agriculture it is much lower than in Brazil. So, just for illustrative purposes only. and for comparison, given that we Today we have the price of the commodity, mainly corn and soy, with values It's in reais, a lot is beyond the costs. production. So, they are bringing something some concerns that uh uh us uh lead to a situation where our Operating costs are very high. In comparisons with other countries as well. So, just one example of the illustration here, Romania, which has a very large territory similar to Rio Grande do Sul, 242,000 ha km quad versus 281. The irrigated area is 15 million hectares. It is similar to from Rio Grande do Sul, although we when you have to add the area there of rice, but the average land value is In Romania, with irrigation, it costs R$ 55,000. R$ 1,000 per hectare. You can purchase Land in Romania for R$55,000 is for one hectare with center pivot irrigation. Yeah, that gives a The cost is 480 sacks of soybeans. I did Here's the conversion today: around R$ 115 It's the sack of soybeans, it's in Rio Grande do South. Of course, in some states of federation, that only applies to the European Union, The value per hectare could rise significantly. mainly in the Netherlands, in Italy, in Luxembourg, Ireland, etc. But in On average, we're talking about these values. Another important aspect that This leads us to the operational cost, which is how much? It's costing the rent for... areas. So, here in Europe, the average It's €185. per hectare. That averages out to R$ 1.85 per hectare per year. Converting to sacks of soybeans, which is the currency of the Planalto, we are talking at 9.2 two sacks of soybeans per hectare, much lower than the prices charged there. Central Plateau. We are talking about almost double or more than that. So, this gives us, uh, brings us a concern that we also have We need to review our costs. And how do we We can in the medium and long term, because cost reduction, it takes a long time It takes time to stabilize, but we you will have to go through a process of adaptation to the new reality of agricultural commodities on a global scale. Ah, speaking of which, when we compare the Europe with Brazil, we have to compare the 27 member countries and not the individual country. Here I am bringing what is the volume of agriculture and livestock farming in the 27 member countries, except, that is, not including major grain producers in Europe, which are Ukraine and Russia. Then, Apart from Ukraine and Russia, in Europe 300 million tons are produced grain, basically wheat, corn and barley. That's in the year 2025. Brazil, the year Last year, 2025 produced 350 million. tons, right? So it's very similar. the total volume of grain produced in It in Europe, with what is produced in Brazil. And that's an interesting comparison. In Europe, 44 million are produced. meat products, of which 52% is pork. I retrieved that data this morning. Node Brazil produces 32 million tons. of meat, where meat includes chicken, pork and beef, with no In Brazil, 50% of the production is chicken. basically for the domestic market and foreign market. Irrigation. It's very similar in Europe. In Brazil, 7 to 8% of agricultural areas are irrigated, with the water intake being Most of it is in rivers, groundwater of reservoirs. And irrigation here basically depends of a water distribution system via canals that were built many decades ago, mainly in the east European, and which is now in a process transformation to eh methods of More irrigation means more precise irrigation, or it is, that have greater efficiency. So, us In recent years things have changed, they've altered almost everything. 1 million hectares, uh, they converted. for more uh, let's say, methods efficient. And here is the volume. Then, In the 60s, we are... here with 9 million hectares of In Brazil, they were in the 70s and Today they irrigate almost twice as much. than what we irrigate in Brazil, OK? The entire irrigation system here is... used without exception. And now I I'd like to share an idea with you. general of Irriga Global and that is us We call ourselves an AGTEC there. irrigation management. What are the functionalities and how we are using these features in global scale? So, it started in Santa Maria, basically there in Cruzalto there 1999 with 540 haí nos borts and since then We are experiencing growth. significant on a global scale. Then Today we are in 21 countries, uh more than 25 years, 27 years of experience and We monitor 500,000 1000 hatar per year. The main partners are the The main companies are those in the agribusiness sector. So, obviously, we focus on... Let's put it this way, in the contracts that We call it business to business. because that's what brings us a large volume of surface area, large number of producers. And more recently, uh, now at the turn of the year. From 2025 to 2026, we added Sidicó, which is the largest African producing company of seed. So, they have it there. approximately 50,000 hectares of seed in Africa. We are starting with them. in four countries. What did we do in the first 12? years of operation of Enriga, when We started going to Cruzalto, our focus. The main goal was to bring it to the producers. the irrigation recommendation, if Did I need to irrigate today or not, and how many? millimeters. So, for many, many years For years, we have worked with this approach. that was to bring the recommendation with based on the water needs of culture. So, for example, today we We need to irrigate these two pivots. That This pivot needs to be rigged 7 mm, this one eight. 8 mm pivot. And so they appear irrigation recommendations. Until recently we made the forecast for the Over the next 7 days, you'll see along the way. It was from this presentation that we changed. that focus. Why? Because there is a lot climate variability, there is a lot anomalies. So today we have conditions to predict before the producer sowing what the needs will be water resources as a function of distribution of rainfall and positive or negative anomalies negative. So that's a step. significant for the producer to take the decision of whether he will irrigate crop A, B or C depending on availability water-related and also as a function of, uh, uh, let's go. to assume, therefore, of climatic events which can occur, such as an excess of temperatures, etc. So today in The platform is made available, Sorry, the forecast is available. It's meteorological for the next 6 months. I'll give you some examples. you. Then, for 12 years in a row, we We no longer focus on saving water and energy, because it's important to save it. water and energy, but most importantly For the producer, stability is key. production. So that's what he plans to pay for production costs and have the He will reap the rewards of its profitability. And if him and if we identify any operational problem, handling, etc., we Let's interact to solve this. it's that one and that momentary lack of water or irrigation problem so that the productivity should not be affected. Then We worked on this for another 12 years. AND We have three service models here. that today we use the We use it on a global scale. One is 100% satellite, the traditional one that I'm going to Bring it here quickly for you and the Total control is the global trend. So, the global trend is for us to leave. of the traditional management system and irrigation monitoring and entering in satellite and control models total. I'll give some examples in traditional model and the one we operate in today and in virtually all regions. What do we have? Network of stations meteorological. We have expressions of fields with visits that the network of weather stations serve to accurately estimate evaporation transpiration daily rate for each pivot of or area monitored. We have field stations, as Mirta put it, very eh eh positively there in the sense of us sensors for real-time measurement soil moisture. We developed internally within the company Nomadic, which enables irrigation. complete or total, or total management, the Full support. And then we We need information such as soil, type of equipment, uh uh type of culture, etc. A team of agronomists. AND Logically, we couldn't fail to... using the platforms, no, the digital platform, the information satellites. And then we have Irigal Langers. I'll bring it up quickly. You have a good portion of this information. THE that we are acting on now since 2024, 2025, and more precisely in 2026? AND Risk management and assessment. Then We conducted a series of assessments. before the producer plants the field and We conducted a series of assessments. continued during irrigation. Then This is where we make decisions about what he... Will it happen, or what are the risks involved? in the agricultural activity that he is planning for that harvest agricultural. So I'll move on quickly. Here's the uniform, it's all inside the Platform rig. So we have a risk management dashboard that indicates And I'll give an example, which These are the risks for each of them. parameters. So uniformity of fields. And this is where not only the uniformity of distribution of irrigation, but more importantly than This is the uniformity of the field, it is the uniformity of agriculture, of culture, of the pivot. So we are no longer performing this type of analysis. What Why do we perform this type of analysis? We have the satellite images and we we observe pixel by pixel if there is any normality in growth and in development. And it's important I'll comment here that we can go backwards. 5 6 years in that same pivot to evaluate the uniformity. And here we succeeded. identify pressure problems, ring problems, problems of water distribution and also problems related to soil type limitations, topographical constraints, differences in management, etc. So here, for example, For a seed company, this is a pivot that was cultivated that was cultivated in 2024 and that we identified these abnormalities and we suggested to the company seeding that would eliminate these areas here, the areas are not They have the same productive potential and will result in 20 or 30% productivity e is smaller than the field average. AND You all know this better than I do. If I have portions of the field in which I produce If it's 20 or 30% below average, I won't pay. the production costs in that place in that area, in that sub-area. So, what can we evaluate? here? not only the area that is being monitored, but also an indication of agronomic management for us to improve these regions here so that this pivot be uniform. And incredibly... It seems we were able to provide these. Images of the evolution every 5 to 7 days. during the harvest. Here is an example of evolution of irrigated areas. So here compromised productivity, we identified problems there up to We can identify the rotation of the pivots. So the resolution is extremely high, then we were able to bring this information. virtually in real time. So that The area needs to be treated; it has a 90% uniformity and requires of being bathed in a way distinctive. Another important assessment that needs to be done, that we What we must do before sowing is... daily irrigation capacity To the climatic abnormalities, anomalies have increasing more and more, and that's Mirta already commented. So we have to have more and more centers with greater capacity. So here, if I have coupled pivots, that is, the same pivot with two motopomba, ideally they both pivots have the capacity above 7.5 mm so that I don't have risks of lost productivity. Electrical inspection is important that it is done. So, there are companies, There are companies that are like, oh, let's go. to assume, therefore, demanding from the producers... for the supply of seed or vegetables or whatever it is made of electrical expression so that we don't have situations like this that have a great risk of loss of productivity. Put what? Because it can occur during the period of greater need for water, a collapse. electrical energy consumption. People, in Worldwide, 50% of pivots operate like this. It's not a high cross, that's how it is in the world. All of it, okay? So, the priority is not to have a safe irrigation system, But yes, it's about having a larger area. irrigated. So, many times we we make dust from loss of productivity, Regarding water management, we conducted an analysis. reservoirs, so very important to know if we have water available for irrigation. So here, for For example, one is several areas of Brazil. central that they will plant corn of January, February, October, November, December corn, January, February, first soy and then wheat. We have water. Or do we not have water? We succeeded. evaluate this monthly before planting. After planting, every 5 days, we We assessed the reservoir's capacity. with satellite images and very high precision. So, we can say which ones. These are the risks involved in water supply. So here, for For example, water demand, the volume of stored water, what is the evaporation Maximum perspiration, this is updated daily within the platform and the producers can access eh and identify what risks he faces, whether he will have water or not. And then with We can change this information. agronomic management. Similarly, today And Ana's performance is super important. in this respect, because it makes available for us access and for all users Brazil access stations streamflow measurements. We can build the flow rate of watercourses, the need pumping and whether there are risks of eh water supply. So that's also true. We evaluate before the plantings are completed. and similarly artesian. And so today we have the conditions to install equipment at the stations artesian wells to measure flow rate over time real. So here, for example, uh, five pivots, this in western Bahia, that will It's planting corn, basically in the months from October to January, and which It's the availability of water. So, the supply capacity The well is very high. OK? Here comes the technology that we can use for total control of irrigation, but not only irrigation, but also water status and productive potential. Nomad is a technology produced by irrigate. So, today, uh, we produced the Nomade AIR, which is installed in equipment, which has a GPS and has a pressure or flow sensor and can be coupled with a rain gauge on top of the pivot. And we have a soil name, which is with ground sensors or also or and or with a rain gauge. We are opening a We are a new company in Portugal and we are... producing, uh, manufacturing these equipment for the European market and the African market in Portugal and exporting to countries where we We are taking action and also, obviously, We produce in Brazil, in Santa Maria, Okay? So, what does this make possible? that we have total control of What's happening on the field? That It's not telemetry, it's us knowing what that the pivot is applying, what are the fractions of each pivot that was irrigated every day. So we have all of this is on the platform and then one appears calendar system. So here, for For example, on April 11, 2025 pivot irrigation completed on the 12th, in On day 13 we recommend irrigation. He started watering. continues irrigation, irrigation was not completed, then he completed the irrigation here and and so on. We know exactly how much was irrigated in each day, marking an interval of time, for example, from 4 to 10, appears the total irrigation that we recommend And how much did the producer invest? so Simple as that. So that's what we we are popularizing it in all the regions where we are operating with excellent results from eh de de increase accuracy and also Our users' satisfaction. Iriga Layers is a digital platform from Irga. which is basically a platform satellite. We downloaded 11 indexes. satellite signals, every two or three days. here, for example, on the 2nd, on the 5th, On the 6th and 7th, we have images. satellites that are processed automatically and we can identify problems in a way that irrigation, pest problems, health problems, problems, like me I mentioned earlier, regarding uniformity. from the countryside. And this is a tool. powerful for technicians. eh eh and the agronomists and consultants to make the decision decision and interaction, or at least to know which parts of the pivot or area that They should visit. This is important. not only for irrigated areas but also for the dryland areas as well. So there you have it, 11 satellite indices that we can identify distribution problems Water, ring problems, etc., etc. OK? effective irrigation. So here we have six crops that we can monitor, for example, potential losses productive and we identified how much of loss is occurring during the cycle due to irrigation problems. Then Here, for example, this is for sugarcane. of sugar, uh, that's BVAP, that's Brazil's largest irrigator. That's 23,000 hectares. of sugar. So this pivot will produce 22% less. And this pivot as well It's here. Uh, just passing by quickly, I I know my time is running out. here. All of this goes on a platform, eh a dashboard, where uniformity is assessed from the field, the risks of each one of them, Brazil, United States, Pomegranate, whatever. wherever you go. And today, quickly pass by. For you, we have tools and functionalities for estimating biomass in kilograms per hectare and also the carbon balance. So here's just one area, for example, of sugar cane, the biomass production here in tons per hectare and the carbon stock that It was produced, accumulated. So we We can, we are providing this in Large scale in Brazil as well. Eh energy, cost of energy and it's 100% of Our customers can have the evaluation of energy costs so we can know the energy consumption, is the cost of millimeter per irrigated hectare, eh if whether there was reactive power, etc., or not, if There were off-peak hours, etc. In 100% of cases. And the forecast extended meteorological. That's too much. important because before planting we We can and are updating. daily. This is the forecast. extended to Cruzalto in the next 150 days, the variation in maximum temperature and minimum. This is how we estimate the consumption of Water and water needs. AND we also took into consideration anomaly forecast is of precipitation. So here, for example, we have temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and we calculated for the next from the beginning to the end of The harvest will involve water consumption and... the needs then here rainfall distribution, anomalies with regard to precipitation. Then, We will quickly present this here. weekly. So, there's a forecast for June. 80 to 90 mm above average for Cruzalta and it's also in the second week. July is also a time of intense rainfall in Cruzalta. This is just a prediction of 60. mm above average, which anomaly precipitation. And we'll adjust that as we go. the irrigation water needs that how much rain are we going to have in function of the anomaly that is being updated daily and also crop water requirements. That It allows us to plan. agriculture with much greater precision and we will know weekly what it will be water needs and what will the cost be? The irrigation is for that area. irrigate. So, my friends, my very Thank you for the opportunity for us. We are talking about irrigation. I I think I spent a few minutes there. My schedule, but I'm available if you want. For questions, if any. Well, good morning, professor. Very Thank you for your comments. Eh, Those were some very important points raised. and taking advantage of the connection that we already have She's here with Professor Heimar, right? People are already opening, the space has already opened. for the questions and there's already a question which was done here via chat. Eh, Within your vision, you showed some things related to Equipment, right? What equipment It would be important for the producer to be... looking, acquiring when he is looking for an irrigation system and that And may this system be the most As efficient as possible, right? You said He spoke from a rain gauge, mentioning sensors. from the ground, some spoke, some... equipment in this regard and whether it has There are also some new things that sir... Look around in Europe, they're starting to emerge, which could be adapted to create for Brazilian agricultural pro in relation to the One very important aspect is that we We need to know what the producer needs to know. how many millimeters is it getting closer and closer? being applied, because we are Speaking here, the producer has five, six pivots, but who operates the equipment? It's another one, it's one, it's another person. AND We have many of those, and how do I... so gapsteria in English would be There are many flaws in this, and that often the irrigations that are needed are not are applied by several several problems, often due to appearance human, which we have to irrigate night, irrigate at times that are not appropriate depends on the length of the workday. work. So, what do I recommend? today? The more you invest in telemetry to control what is being Effectively applied, the better the results will be. results. So, telemetry is a aspect to know what the position of Pivot, how much did he invest, for us? to know exactly how many millimeters They were applied. After that, a A rain gauge is essential for... People, I need to know how many millimeters it is. It rained on each pivot so that the water needs are met and in addition to the rains. So I I see it this way: having a good system of management, whether it be by or through and by other providers that exist in Brazil, I... I'm not going to put all of them here. embers under Belassado, but today the People are managing to bring things together, that's good. part of the demands in the city that we observes on a global scale and a single platform. So today we have features that are low cost, e.g. satellite, control satellite with basically 96, 97% of precision of the traditional method, without the use of sensors, without the use of sophisticated equipment, but which brings very high precision and a guarantee that investment which is millionaire in the acquisition of the equipment So, irrigation systems will convert effectively increasing productivity, which is often not the case there in Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil and in other parts of the world, that The producer is concerned about having the irrigation system for irrigating only when a deficit occurs severe water shortage. When that happens, he It's already losing productivity. And today, My friends, the margin of agribusiness is getting smaller and smaller. So, we have to make the most of it possible. equipment that I am installing in field to produce the maximum with the minimum losses. So, essentially I would focus on that aspect. Then I see, for For example, with a positive outlook, growth of irrigation, uh, of irrigation, uh, Let's assume, then, by dripping, that It is widely used in some regions. node in very dry regions and with crops They are perennial in rows. But I see in Brazil, ah, throughout these 42 years of mine that I work with agriculture, irrigating, an ever-increasing need for Growth of pivot irrigation central. There are several companies in Brazil that contacted us, by For example, just to give you an idea, I'm not going to to make a name for a company, but it has a company that will produce 65,000 hectares of Cocoa in Brazil irrigated 100% for the Pico region central. So there's a lot to it. happening and Brazil has a possibility It's a huge opportunity to take advantage of this moment. expansion, not only of agriculture irrigated, but also to see others alternatives, other cultures that do not Let's just focus on commodities like soy and corn. Of course which is the strong point there in the region of Cruzalta, but in other regions of Brazil needs to look at other options. paintings also as alternatives for we minimize this fluctuation that is occurring more and more frequently in price of Silagre's commodities. Oh, okay. The second question, sir... ended up responding during her already a her presentation, which was related to to what the producer can actually to improve in order to have more irrigation efficient. While I was at it, I was observing. Here is your lecture, and you spoke. a lot of the cost of renting, The cost of the area is in the European region. right? So, how are the returns today? The European producer's product is compared with the Profitability for Brazilian producers? THE People know that here in Rio Grande do Sul We've had some limitations. related to climate, but we Looking at this, the guy is paying R$ 1,000 in rent there, that's the area. 480 bags per hectare, that's it. Regarding his profitability, he has support. very strong government for his stability and maintaining him in property. Oh, and while we're at it, already amending that second question, one of limitations that we are aware of here are all limitations related to our environmental code. So, we have thus a difficulty in moving forward with irrigation is primarily related to environmental part. Perhaps if it were possible to do a little comparison of how this happens in Europe and how this It's happening here in Brazil too. Let's go. It is very important that you leave Let me make it very clear that the crisis in agriculture It's global. Here in Europe they never They had experienced three droughts in 5 years. They recently experienced three droughts in last 5 years. So the producers, therefore For example, from here in Europe they are not escaping traditional annual crops like sunflower and corn due to high demand water supply. And also because of the high, I'll go like this. high risk of loss of productivity. So, for example, countries, for example, like Hungary, Romania, Serbia, uh producers who did not irrigate had it there during these three years of drought at least two in which productivity was zero. So, uh, it exists, uh, uh, uh, that's real. that's it, and let's go like this, the change climate change has negatively impacted the grain production business. Here in Europe, responding more specifically Regarding your question, is there a subsidy for...? European Union of approximately there €170 per hectare produced. So, in addition to these costs of rents being relatively low, They receive around €180, €170, €180. to produce and even then they are hesitant to produce and are increasing the production of wheat and crops winter, because they are crops that They are planted in September, October, after summer, and they vegetate during a part of winter and then they are subjected to the lowest risk. So, even with subsidies, they are reluctant to expand or even maintain the area agricultural. in the United States, in In the United States, over the last 3 years, in Last 3 years, the production, uh, uh, the producers, it's like they weren't economically stabilized, it was not break evening, in other words, the recipes don't They paid the expenses, they are and uh balancing income and expenses by 3 years, and many of them negative. The government Currently, they're offering around 80 to 110 per hectare per producer for how subsidy to encourage producers to continue planting the same surface. In Brazil we don't have No subsidies, zero. We have others difficulties to face. One of The main difficulties are the increase. of the inputs, which increased significantly due to through war. now, particularly from Iran, and the price of inputs, many of them They doubled in price. When will this happen? Return to the normal price? It will take time. harvests. So, we have to adapt. It is these variations that exist in price of agricultural commodities. With Regarding the environmental aspect, here it is very This environmental aspect is very important. but as there is already a history that we we are, Let's go like this, in a way evolving. In Brazil, quickly, he already has one. history of environmental preservation and Everything else, well, there aren't that many. restrictions on expanding livestock areas, But you have the same protocols, the same procedures or quite similar to what we found in Brazil, since it already has everything mapped out, is It's easier for the producer to know if they have it. possibility of getting water or not. But in Brazil I came and worked a lot. with Teles in the past and many years ago, decades ago, right, Teles for the when Tes was in state government also for the, let's say, to make the part a little more flexible environmental and it was made more flexible, but We also need to move forward even further. on this topic. So maybe Lineu will I will address some important points. from that perspective, but I see it as positive. And if we look at this to Another state, let's look at Minas Gerais. In general, let's look at Bahia, the The growth of irrigation in Bahia is scary. I was showing the growth there, for example, only from the only of Saint Desiderius and from other municipalities in Bahia, They had an environmental restriction. much more severe than the South. They They managed to break through that. Another one, they They had restrictions on the supply of They managed to obtain electricity, to some extent. minimize. So, we had always three triplets of difficulty in Rio do Sul to implement, to increase the irrigated area. First there was water. stored, that we have water from rain, stored water, according to the part environmental and third, electrical energy. So, we still have restrictions in Rio. from the South with regard to these three aspects and we minimized the part a bit environmental. So, not wanting to If you stretch it out too much, the problems are... Even so, they are smaller than in The past, and we need to take advantage of that. It is time to discuss irrigation, to bring Professionals from all fields. Then I I see that today's lectures, to Tomorrow afternoon, it comes in this direction. also. Why? so that we manage to join forces and have a goal common, which is to bring more peace of mind, more safety for producers, adding more irrigation to your properties. Irrigation, here I come. I've been saying this for 30 years in Rio do Sul. It's true. the best insurance that the producer can to acquire in Rio do Sul is to place a irrigation system. Why? Why will guarantee a minimum producer activity. But today we have this global problem. commodity prices, dollar price that we never imagined would happen below five. Long before, by On the contrary, we had the idea that if it were in the range of R$7 in 2026 dollar. It's the opposite of what we... We imagine. very complicated for the agribusiness and I hope that these difficulties will be overcome soon. through the combined effort of all of us. And no What good does it do for us to just cry about it? difficulties, we have to find alternatives to circumvent and find alternative routes. I know it's difficult. for those who are only on the binomial eh eh corn Uh, uh, soy, but we have to find alternatives. That's great, professor. Again, Thank you very much for your time. your availability. We know how it is. Your schedule is difficult. And again, give a Congratulations to the entire organizing committee. of this event, right, for putting together an event of this quality, of this magnitude and people managed to bring this here to Cruzalta. Thank you again, professor. Sister Salva de Palmas there and Camil. Wonder. Thank you very much, professor. Okay, folks, we're going to keep going. Let's go to have one more entry now for videoconference. While the staff Put Professor Lineu there, he also It's a highly anticipated name, I'll bring it. Here are a few questions for you. First, the panel we're making... a different format, the questions right away which ends, because they can't. stay online with us for a long time time. So, the targeted questions These were made for Professor Carloo now, just as for Professor Lineu it will be done. So, as long as he has Speaking of which, send in your questions. Finally, we'll do it for them. And then we'll go to the quick panel with the The first two speakers of the morning, Okay? So here I've made a summary, I I like paying close attention. Please note, so I ask that you Keep an eye out, okay? These next ones... next lecture which is extremely important and while the staff is Putting it there, let's take stock. That morning was amazing, wasn't it? So to us these are the statements we've made so far They presented him with something rare that is not... These are not opinions, not promises, but facts. Science and worldview. The professor Alencar reminded us that the price of soybeans It's not in our hands, but... productivity yes, that Rio Grande do South bleeds between 8 and 60 bags per hectares every year because of the drought and that there is a unique opportunity and A giant before us: irrigation. But not just any irrigation. Water thoroughly. THE Professor Mirta brought the diagnosis. with precision. We have bad water. distributed, high-demand crops water resources and an enormous capacity for an area of ​​expansion yet to be explored. The answer It's not just about installing the equipment, it's... management, collaboration between universities, producers, students and public policies, because none of us can solve this. alone. And straight from Switzerland, the professor Reimar Carlço gave us the perspective that We needed it. Our challenges are not People from Rio Grande do Sul, they are global. The world needs to produce more and more, with each Less and less water is available. THE intelligence lies in putting the the right amount, in the right place, at right time. Technology, control and management, as the IRGA system has already proven in practice, monitoring tens of thousands of hectares with real-time data. THE The message so far, I think, has been too... Of course. Don't believe in miracles. Believe in the data and act. We have Act as soon as possible. And now then It's all set, folks. He's accessing it, but the time has come. of us facing a question that... I've seen opinions and I think that everything The producer has already made it at some point. Food production is possible. sustainable Without irrigation? Dr. Lineu Neiva Rodrigues, who also He is well known to many here, He is a researcher at BRAPA Serrados and a of the main national references in irrigation, water resources management and agricultural sustainability. He will close the technical panel with a necessary provocation. It's possible to produce food sustainably, Without irrigation? I already have mine. That's my opinion, but I'll let him talk. with you. So, Dr. Lineu is already here. In the video, we're just finishing up. Connect and I'll welcome you right away. This is where he will participate. videoconference. He's coming directly from United States, so we had a direct participation from Switzerland, now directly from the United States and it will give Your class is here. Dr. Inu is already there. Listening. Can you hear me? Good morning, good afternoon. Good morning. Are you listening to me? I'm listening. Is everything alright there? All well thank God. It's great to have you here with us, you know? You are always very welcome. It's such a pleasure to be with you all there. AND always a place. Unfortunately, I couldn't. Okay, right? I had visa issues. Every time who will have to renew their visa and then It ended up not being possible. But always When possible, I like to be I have several people there in Cruzalta. Friends, right? I like to participate. In person. Take advantage of this opportunity to Congratulations to Teles and the whole team. I know it's not just Teles, but always There's someone who gets involved, right? the The mayor is also there to organize this. event, which I don't think I even... I'm worried about the number, about the number of people usually at an event. I like, I think these events are important in a primarily the current situation that we are living in Brazil to demonstrate the importance of irrigation, to put it well, to show the The numbers we have, everything is based on... Based on data, right? Because it's time to speak ill of someone. There are too many people, we need I would like to organize more of these events, and congratulate them. I know it's not easy, it's always... It's complicated, isn't it, to put together an event? From there, assemble the structure. And then, Congratulations to you both. Wonderful, teacher. So, I'm going now. I'll pass the word to you, feel free. THE People, it's been an average amount of time here. 25 minutes, 30 minutes and we'll go. ask some questions. So, stay tuned willing. Okay, everyone? Oh, thanks for the... invitation. It's a pleasure to have you here. I wish I were there. I couldn't, could I? I'm going to miss the barbecue. unfortunately. But I'll tell you a little bit of the story. I'll try to be brief. It is difficult It's competing with lunchtime, right? they are I'll be there around lunchtime. I go Try to stay there for those 25 minutes. Some, I've already cut some things here, I reduced it and I'll try to go through others. a little faster. I'll stop here. to give a general idea, a little bit of information. Then I'll be available there. For anyone who wants to contact me. I I only have media there. LinkedIn. You can find me on LinkedIn. We're putting a series there, we have I made a series of videos, huh? bringing qualified information about If the world's water is running out, these Things that end up causing harm, okay? So, when I was asked to... to bring a title for the lecture, I I thought about the question of whether it's possible. Today, we produce and we are. Sustainable without irrigation. And why? I put that there, right? This video series What I'm doing is a... of the questions that arose from one of a The person there said: "Hey, why do we..." It's so, so little, isn't it? Irrigation is "It's so good, why do we irrigate so little?" The answer to the video, I think, is... The next one that's going to come out, if it's not this one Or the other one, I spoke to her because Historically, we have never needed to irrigate more. That's my point of view. But things are changing and we are... That's what I want to show, then, that the Guys, when we think about the issue social, in environmental matters, in matters Economically, it's getting harder and harder. people can be sustainable without irrigation. It's OK? So I'll try to be Here are a few points to briefly discuss... slightly faster in some. Let me Let's see if I can walk here. Can you see my presentation? Everything's fine. Okay, right, guys? So how do I know that I end up talking a lot, don't I? When If you're there in person, you can look. For people, that's where you see how it is. It's the atmosphere, the movement. I see people wearing coats over there. It looks cold, doesn't it? Which is also cold. So I like to get the message across right away. at the beginning of my presentation, that Whoever needs to leave, will leave now. Anyone who wants to What to look at, if you have to look at TikTok already Look at TikTok, right? So everyone already does it. What you have to do. But that's the message that I like to convey in my in my lecture. And when I think When we think of the tropics, the People look at the world and you look at the Tropicalia, folks, there's no one better. than Brazil has to do for agriculture. tropical. I know you have colleagues there. My friend Claudio from Uruguay must There you go, there are colleagues from abroad, but Brazil We are a benchmark when we think like this. in tropical agriculture. And it's a message I like to convey. Right from the start, Brazil is one of the few countries in the world have the capacity to increase your food production sustainable way. This is a message I wanted to leave. For you. The other is that to produce in a way Sustainable irrigation will become increasingly important. more strategic, It's going to get harder and harder for us. produce sustainably without irrigation. I'll comment a little about This happened throughout my presentation. There is one The book I launched there, a book about the Cerrado. I sent a copy to Teles, he should distribute it there, draw lots, I don't know, that's a very comprehensive book. I explore various things that various things Regarding this specific topic. Another clan, folks, is that we You really need to start speaking well. of ourselves. That's one of the things that What worries me most, it upsets me. When I'm out here, I want to see Brazil. Always bringing bad news. And often news that doesn't affect us They belong, they start talking about carbon, The world's water supply is running out, they took the... news from Egypt, from Israel, that no They have water and bring it to Brazil. So, folks, let's talk about what... People do good. One thing that we do Well, in Brazil it's not even about playing football. Furthermore, it's about doing agriculture. That's what we It's a benchmark. Yeah, our producers They are good, they are qualified, we have With technology, we have to start to... We need to promote our product better, right? Let's have a better conversation about agriculture. A more serious approach, right? So, folks, my name is Lineu Neiva. Rodrigues, right? Those who don't know me, I I am a researcher at Embrata Serrados. Embrapa Serrados, this changes over time in time, but I still believe it's 47. centers scattered throughout Brazil. I'll stay, I live in Brasília, our capital city, and I work in Brazil for the Cerrado region that... Our mission is to produce technology for the biome. Cerrado. Regarding the Cerrado biome today, folks, I have a lot of things, a lot of tools. interesting. I don't know if Tis is around. Okay, but I'll leave the provocation aside now. for him, that if he wants us to do a specific job for Rio Rio Grande do Sul, would be available for to generate. Today I work a lot thinking in planning, where should we go with Sustainability: Where are the best solutions? areas where the risk is greatest, working with hydrological modeling, demand, yes, yes, where do I have I worked today, okay? I had 2024, if If I'm not mistaken, time passes very quickly. Quickly, we get older and Time is passing quickly. I was in Nebraska, over in Lincoln, over there in the University of Nebraska, where I lived. the first time in the United States in 1999. I still had a lot of hair back then. era. I returned at a time now more without hair, but I was there at Hora For Food on Institute. I stayed there until this year. AND Lincolnco Nebras is a place that I I like it a lot, right? I like it so much that I I'm back again, right? I'm not going to do that. talking here about my lecture, it's not to talk about languages, about Nebraska, but it's important to bring Some things, right? This is a map. From the state, right? Here these these The larger green circles are wells. monitoring. That's why, folks, when people tell me Speaking of aquifers, I have... I'm afraid to talk about aquifers because I don't... I've been talking about aquifers. I I don't like doing things with everything that... People do things that are uncertain. We, we work very badly with Uncertainty, but when we work There is a lot of uncertainty here in Brazil. Because we have very little data. They don't know if one of their aquifers is there. There's a lot of uncertainty, and look at how many wells there are. monitoring, monitoring that they They have one, and the smaller ball here is a pivot. THE What I like about Nebraska is the state. agricultural and they are proud to talk about agriculture. In Brazil, when I go there, if the person She has 10 pivots, she's embarrassed. It's like saying there are 10 pivots, because it seems... It is illegal to have 10 pivots. So it's an agricultural state, interesting. It's very cold in Nebraska. At one time of year, it's very hot at another. AND just when you think things are getting better, going from the cold to the hot, there are some tornadoes. So it's like this, cold, hot, tornado in halfway there, and when the tornadoes come, it knocks one down. A pivot here, knocks down another pivot there. Then the Industries are happy because that's when They don't earn much money, do they? I just moved, I'm here, I moved here to New York, I'm at our best. universities in the United States that They call it Ivagnes, University of Cornell and Itakaka. And here I am. working with hydrology, uh, simulating climate change and hydrology. Nebraska over there in H Fura, I I worked with demand, seeing the o o The weather is impacting demand, okay? It is not a This is the topic I'm going to address now. but at that specific moment, you had If you're interested, I can take some of the results that I have and even we Do something over there for Rio Rio Grande do Sul, okay? So that's it. And what I want to bring to you, guys, uh What I do, you know, and I talked a little bit about it, is planning, right, how does this issue of Water, energy, it's affecting production of food, people's lives, that in Ultimately, what matters are the people. That, folks, is the main thing, the thing that affects us. That's the kind of atmosphere there. The climate is the engine, Okay? So, the weather is what guides... That's right, and who modifies the climate most of the time? Sometimes when he speaks he thinks about The oceans are the planet Earth's biggest asset. I am not going That's a topic for another lecture. It's important to keep in mind that everything What we're talking about here today is... because of this climate issue and who The oceans govern all of that. That Brazil's importance to this issue of food production in the world world? Something for you to think about in terms of production. of food, The scientists, I don't know why, they They look a lot to 2010 as the baseline. then they look again around 2050. Then they say the following: 2050 pra people have enough food for population, to meet this increase of Based on demand from the population, we will have which increases our production there between 60 and 100%. That's what they say. AND of this projected increase in production, 50% It will come from Brazil. No need to speak. Here, folks, is the importance of Rio. Southern Rio Grande do Sul for food production in Brazil since forever, right? And especially for those who like Rice, right? One of the things that is most lacking This is rice. So, Rio Grande do Sulência, that's coming, it's going to come from there In Brazil, this is 50%. It just so happens that the year I was born was '68, right? I know why I got fat and big. So, because it's a year that we He was starving, he had no food at all. Brazil. I'll show this here when I give... I'll be speaking here, about 10 times. minutes on this topic. And today Brazil It is a benchmark, the largest exporter of various things, from various cultures. THE People have what's most important, they have tropical and sustainable agriculture, Sustainability, right? I brought a word which is fashionable today. I'm going to say one A little bit about that too, but no. I can, right, guys, stop putting it here? In short, we often have That working is with the truth. What If things get bad, we need to talk about it too. but at the right time It's not possible, we can't say that Brazil is... a country that is destroying the forests, that There is agriculture, agriculture in Brazil. all. That was the last one. Numbers that we need to remember. for territory, people, nowhere That doesn't exist. 65% of Brazil is preserved, Okay? Then the day I present the numbers different, we can start to to talk, but today, today is the Our portrait. And now what, right? So now the magic word that's everywhere he speaks, It's actually a nice name for that thing. right? Regenerative agriculture, nothing Against, you see, folks? But like this, many Sometimes there are many names and these many It ends up complicating things, right? You stay Too many names. It's the same thing for the background. What do we want with the Sustainability is about looking at the aspect economic, social and environmental. And no What good is it to think about the environment if... If the social and economic situation is not good, Okay? There's no point in trying to improve the environmental if the person is starving. So we have to keep that in mind. The environmentalist will only walk. And here Apart from the major countries, I'm not going to talk about them. when is when is it a matter of barrier Economically, that's another matter, but they They think about the environment when they have to to think, because the social issue and The economy is doing well, at least. For most people, it is coerced. In Brazil, we have us. We need to move forward with this. So, we've always worked with the production system. Now, we have that placing these environmental issues in production system and look at the system of sustainable production and also from the point of view from an environmental point of view. Why is that? Because a lot, a great deal, comes from there. outside, but our society is also... That's what you want, right? we work thinking about that in society. And when the people think about this issue of Sustainability and thinking about agriculture, these technologies that we have here Today, this issue of insects, of disease... and pests, at certain times In short, they can have an impact, but the Science quickly corrects it. So that It's already done, it's already well under control. Our The biggest challenge is water. Water will continue to be our greatest asset. It's a challenge, there's no way around it. And the great The star attraction is the rain. the best water there is It's raining, right? Except when she comes that pool of water here, because then you know the damage it causes, but that well-planned rain, well distributed, there is no better water than That's it, and it's getting more and more... Uncertain. So that's one of the things. So the rain, the studies that we has done, we have to what is there today which are showing that the rain is becoming more focused, more intense, with fewer rainy events. I.e, This is not good for agriculture. I I often say that agriculture is like... It was like having lunch. We have lunch here. Then you're already hungry and want to have dinner. agriculture in terms of water, we Drink some water here, then you're good to go. with a C again. It's that water that's good distributed, it's not about quantity. Many People worry about quantity, but in The truth is, it's much more interesting to look. how it is distributed. This rain, because For example, here, I don't know if you... The left is well distributed, it's almost a irrigation, but its tendency is to stay now more focused and with fewer events stylish. This is not good for irrigation. This primarily affects the dryland farming, which represents That's where more than 95% of our agriculture comes from. And the small producer, in the end, that which truly lacks irrigation is able to have an agricultural activity, because a small agricultural activity and The producer in general is fruit, right? And then this has to be, it has to be irrigated. So, in this scenario, folks, It will become increasingly necessary. irrigate. And why in this case? that we have to to intensify our efforts even further production, that is, producing more in same place. And that doesn't have a tool. better than irrigation. When you He considered increasing production. Irrigation is unbeatable. And then I won't go. to speak here of one method or another, It is important that the irrigation is done properly. done, that watering which in our case, In most of Brazil, it comes supplement rainwater, unless During the dry season, right? But then the irrigation becomes strategic, It has a number of benefits. I am not going Speaking of everyone, I'll spend a little more time with you. Quick here, but when I think about it... irrigation, it has several different things. I think about food. So, pro We need food, we need water, water blue. This is one of the few differences that I'm talking about regarding water, water blue, because it is water that is managed and of energy. She has a series of Benefits, right? But I'm going to release these benefits that most of you here They know more than I do. And I'll bring it here Information from Nebraska, just for you see is what what like the Strategic irrigation, okay? I don't know if it is Too small for you, but here in Nebraska, if I go here it will rain, a Rain varies, if you're going up west. Eastward, right, 500 mm and it gets there. 762 mm. This blue line here, I don't know if You can see, it's irrigated corn. AND That brown or orange thing is corn. dryland. Irrigated corn produces there. 6,000 kg per haar. A 2,500,000 drying shed kg/. That's it. That's the difference. people. That's it, that would be fine. I I wouldn't be too worried about that, if if only it were always like that. Problems are these moments here, that for a primarily due to a climatic factor, climatic, the production of dryland farming It's collapsing, it practically doesn't exist anymore. AND I'm grateful to keep this difference here, she for sure It greatly impacts the issue of price, a lot. The issue of producer sustainability. So this is when irrigation... you feel its main effect and that It's becoming more common, okay? This is a message. The other thing that People always bring up the issue of environment, ah, but the question is reaction and the environmental issue, folks, if we If you want to, you know, follow that one, that's what... Science tells us today that we're going to have which increases our rate by between 60 and 100%. production without irrigation, we will We'll have to open it up, right, clear more land there. something between 180 and 300 million hectares in the world. So, these are decisions, right? So this This shows the benefit of irrigation. It's good for the environment. We're watering today it is around 10 million hectares. I think this will be updated with potential of 55 million. I don't I'm very worried, aren't I? The girl when me he asked there if he didn't want to go anymore, but that who has to say that, that, that Does it need more irrigation or is it not the right one? own demand. Society has to define how much food you want to produce, you define how much you want to irrigate, but it's getting harder without irrigation. We keep 4% of our planted area. These are the figures around 18% of potential irrigable. We fight a lot. There are only about 340 million people in the world. right? China and India are in first place. Brazil accounts for 1.6% of the world's irrigation. but with great potential. This has different forms. If you look, if if you want to look at the importance of irrigation for the country's agriculture, the Egypt would be the most important country. Almost 100% of agriculture in Egypt is irrigated. Then you can look at these. Numbers and playing around in this video that's... It's going to come out there, the one I made. Eh, It will be published soon, says one few of those things, those numbers have how you look at different shapes and then Everyone draws their own conclusion. I think That's what's important, that you can have your own information. Let's move on a bit faster here. this issue of the area. Ah, if we Looking at Rio Grande do Sul, right? That's... What we have officially today. The River Southern Rio Grande do Sul still has potential. Big enough to grow. These are, these It's down here, you see? I would say that it is But this here, for sure, because the consideration of super water is the aquifers, starting with water here, the People always overestimate. But these are the numbers we have today. And a That question always comes up, right, Alineu? But where are we going to grow up, right? Brazil? Where can we grow? AND Simple and straightforward. Dryland, 50% dryland and 50% in degraded pasture. Okay, that's it. That's how we grow. What does it have to to grow? I'm not going to say how much because I I think that, as you say, society, the economics that has to say how, how We need it. But those areas there are These are the basic areas of growth, right? The pillars of irrigation, I like Thinking about it, I'm definitely talking about water, right? Water blue, that water that is in the rivers, In the waters, the question of energy, there is a lot of area that you have land and you have water, There is no power. energy is a big neck. And our legislation, the legislation, folks, I'll put it here, I I could comment a lot on this, but It's not because I'm against the legislation. We have to, we have to fix it. Things that are very old, right? Us we have newer tools, we you have to revisit some things from From time to time. So I usually put the pillar of energy is even thicker, because if you solve energy problems, you solves water problems. You can transport water. From one place to another without any problem. Node In Brazil, it seems like messing with people is a crime. water. This is very common, folks. Waters Yes, she has to move, she has to walking because it generates economic value and The one that needs to be preserved is preserve. So we have to... You have to be aware of things. Much of what I'm saying here now I'm going to direct it to the water, okay? And because energy, I think, is a matter of state and legislation is also a matter of state. So it's important that we to learn some things about Water, okay? I'll spend a little more time with you. Quick here. First, in the world there People have, uh, a lot of water, but 97.5% Some of them are in the oceans, right? than water sweet, mostly trapped in glaciers or in deep here. That easy water to use, it's so in rivers that it's very Not much, but Brazil has 12% of that water. Sweet, folks. So we are privileged. If you think that 80% of that, more or less, is in the region. Amazonian region, including Mato Grosso, Tocantins River over there, we have water there. enough to run and and and the our activities and have a little left over Still, okay? So, we had to Make the most of it. And it really is When I say that we have that moves water in Brazil, that It seems like it's a crime, right? You stay until It's frowned upon when you say: "No, I'm going to to take water from one place, to take it to "Another one." Folks, this is what you do in world. Look, California, California is It would be, if I'm not mistaken, the third or fifth country in the world, if it were a country, right? It only exists because it moved. Water. Look, grab the water here from this side. from above and irrigates all of São Joaquim Vale, which is the main producing region Fruit here in the United States. Los Angeles only exists because they brought water. From one place to another. So that's all. busy. Everything is water Moving. That's common, right? Now, where is the water problem? Ah, then you come here! This region It's problematic, especially Egypt. Egypt is a country that has more than 90% of its population there. His water supply depends on the Nile River, and he He's the last in line to get water. So there are a lot of countries using it. before its water reaches Egypt. THE Luckily, it's the most powerful of region. So this is a big challenge. It's for that country. Not in Brazil, folks. There we have water and we have to to know how to best use this water and make a That's state policy, right? thinking in that water element of Development, right? I always leave the I always recommend some books. I know there's someone who's more curious, Right, who wants to read a little more. That That book is an interesting book. And another point, folks, is when we Look at the Earth, the Earth is a system. closed. Water on Earth is a constant source of energy. since then, more than 4 billion years ago. back when the water was gone, when the Earth It started to take shape, you know, practically. Water began to form. There are several These are theories that I'm not going to get into here. In the closed system today, a little bit comes out. sometimes. Rocket, another Something like that, a loss here, another there, but A little bit of water gets in too. Node Finally, the system in global terms is closed and it is closed. So that Water, the amount of water we have, Every now and then we have this The question is, is the world's water running out? It doesn't end. I don't end up with the... hydrological cycle. You take out some water. to use, then she comes back. Put For example, a human being, right? Let's go. speak to a man or woman with more or less 70 kg, 70% of the weight is water. So the man A 70 kg woman with 42 L will have retaining 42 L of water. If you multiply that by 8 million People, you'll see how much water there is. That's being held back, right? This water stays in a person's body, if they take 2 L per day, approximately 10 days. There You can do the math with that, right? But She'll come back one day, she'll come back to the system. The water that was used to make a an iron bar, it takes time, but a One day she'll be back. There is water in glaciers that They are over 2 million years old. Then That's how it is, the water's there. circulating, so it will never end. global level. But it's important to... phase of the hydrological cycle we to comment on this phase here, which is Water infiltration into the soil. This phase Strategic for agriculture, right? When The water rained down, it arrived, it seeped in. Because if you look at the wisdom tooth, at the time dry season, roughly between 40 and 50% of sisal flow rates is that water that It infiltrated and is now showing up. It's water We're talking about recharging. So the People always have to do a good job. Soil conservation, okay? Then We have our own law that organizes this. That's great, we have instruments, I'll go. It will be faster here because of Time, the charge, the grant, right? I'm Speaking a little about concession fees also in these videos. What happens to the rainwater, okay? I'll speed things up a bit too, but everything That's how much it rains in the world, about 85% of it is water evaporated from the oceans and from there 39% of the rainwater turns blue, and 61% remains the same. on land, which he calls green water. AND who uses green water, native vegetation, Okay? And those who use the blue water, 92% will... For the oceans, we use 1%. Think, Right, guys? That's what we have to do, uh, especially when we receive these numbers, this whole bunch of information, we use 1%, 92% for oceans, you have to go a little towards the oceans, folks, because there's a whole environmental issue of the coasts there, but How much, you know, that has to go and of the water from The texture used, right? So, when We think in terms of irrigation, it's another theme that always comes up there, right? The fact is that agriculture uses 90%, 70%, that It's a number, I'm going to talk a little bit. that's also discussed in those videos, but Agriculture accounts for around 80%, but that These are average values, okay? These 72%, It depends on where you are. For example, If you're in the Amazon, This number is less than 15%. If you are there in the Uruguay River basin, that I I believe you're there, then he'll go. For almost 80% more of the water there is used for agriculture and livestock. He has Is that a problem, Dr. L? No, it doesn't. Since that it be water that has a permit, no No problem at all, okay? So I think that Those are things that are numbers that... people show to mark and for and and to raise awareness in society as well, Okay? And this has a great deal of variability. temporal, spatial as well. But deep down, Guys, if you take what we have in our children and what we use, the People use less than 1%. This is the Message, okay? Let me pass by here Because my time is short. It seems that The water is running out, isn't it? Sometimes the Guys, guys, the water is running out. Why? Because we have to think about that in watershed issue and in bearing capacity of a basin hydrographic. So we are all in a region. This region is generally called a river basin. Water that It falls into a region and will flow into a river. And this watershed, it has an ability to support the uses, the Various uses, right? So, what is What's important for us to understand is that what Water falls into a basin. She will have to, it has to be enough. to support all uses, but this Water levels vary from year to year. There are years when There are more years, and less years. So the People have to work with averages. You can't work during times of prosperity, nor If you're not careful, because otherwise it gets complicated, right? And and With this, we have to support everyone. The uses, okay? And how could we possibly think about it? Imagine a watershed as a glass of water. Everything that's falling into that The glass of water is right there, it's serving its purpose. don't fill that glass that spills over It belongs to him. So that glass is the basin bearing capacity. The problem, folks, is that today our granting, the criteria, the granting is a Good instrument, but the criteria are very restrictive, very low, allows We use very little water. So, the One of the criteria we use is Q95. we can use very little water and It ends up leaving and the population doesn't have... Enough water for your needs. That's it That's sad, isn't it? I wrote an article. Enough said about this. We A country cannot develop while living as if in a perpetual drought, That's using 5% of our water. Okay good? Here's the article. The criteria They vary, right? From state to state. That's another problem. I'm not going in. Not here. I was going to talk a little about the States. United here, but I'll pass through here. Also, hurry up because time is short, but We need to rethink the issue of... of the criteria, right? Water rental, the our water allocation model has to to change. Back then I had thought about session-based control model, right, where The agencies, right? That was my dream, you know? The agencies were only looking at one session, and here Upstairs, the users organized themselves, right? But it's difficult to do that. I, I I recognize that it's a dream, but today... The National Water Agency is having a a proposal that I find very interesting, that is the autograph for warranty management and priority. I think it's a step forward, the What we can't do is stay at that 95. more. It's OK? I'll leave a book there too. a recommendation. And water allocation, Guys, the producer is important, right? I understand, I think there are several producers. That's where the question of how much risk you're taking comes in. I want to share and you increase the criteria for moving from a Q95 to a Q80, you'll have more water available. but you'll have a better chance of one in a given year you don't have that so much water. This is something for People think. So, regardless of model, its location and success will to depend on dialogue and users Organized, right? So, let's talk about... signature, because the river he has a The signature that we call the flow rate. AND this signature at this time here, Here in the Cerrado, she is very much a signature that the person was kind of It's kind of a nervous habit, isn't it? Quite Outraged, which is very low, isn't it? Then, so here's a guideline for our grant. And for that, we have to to transport water, we have to allow reservoirs in Brazil for capturing Water from the rain and use during droughts. I I have a project about this, I'll pass it on. What we already have, right? So, guys, We need to plan more in Brazil. AND What I've been doing, I'll tell you 5 minutes, I'll end now that I've gone a little over. From my time. We need to plan. simulate more and for that we have to to have data. I often think about our Brazilian agriculture as an area 100%. I'm saying that 10% is already in place, that's the area that already has good or bad Minimum infrastructure, right? That we You have to think differently. But what about rest? The rest is the challenge. So, how Will we grow up? Which is the best? shape? What data do we have? And that what I try to do here during this period, it's OK? Plan, generate data. Then the People have to think so much about the offer, We have to think about the demand. and to look at water in different ways, right? And the questions I want Answer, people, what danger I'm here, I'm Returning in July, those are the ones, okay? In English, sorry I took advantage of this opportunity here in Last minute a slide, but what will... What will happen to irrigation in the future? Aria, demand will increase and if she increase Our farmers will have to update to grants. The grants will to still be valid, therefore they will I have to irrigate more. our The equipment will be sufficient for apply that amount of water. I know there must be several. companies out there today that designed the equipment for applying, for example, 10 mm. 10 won't be enough. THE We're going to have to readjust this, right? THE what will happen to the Water availability? We'll have water. enough? So that's what I have. done and with that I have generated Quite a lot of data. I'll spend more quick climate data from different shapes, modeling and practically a lot of the Brazilian Cerrado, right? So with that, people generate information that in the form of Pixel, right, for the entire region. So no It's a region that we can't reach. We can talk about it, but we have to understand That this has an uncertainty problem. right? Here's a quick simulation I did. That's towards the Cruzalto region, right? Missions portal, generating rain here. affectionate, what a high cross, how are you? Can you see the demand? You can see the offer, right? I'm not Speaking of groundwater, always Looking at surface water. Then we look at it, you know, the way that... The National Water Agency likes to Looking at it in terms of self-care, right? Then we have level two, level three, level four, level five. It is in this level here that we have worked. Level five here is the savanna. Brazilian. Then we lift up here the that's the data we have. Today we can you make robots there that search for that information. We look then closely. Level four. We look at a region, For example, it seems there is a lot of data, right? Each of these tiny dots would be a season, but you can see that many regions They have no information whatsoever on flow rate and This region, for example, has more than 10 center pivots. So here it is conflict, we can't, we There has to be data, generate data for these. regions. And that's what I do, right? Here it was a quick simulation I did of Cruzalta to see how things are going. The Cruzalta region, right? On the portal of missions, how's the situation going with laughter, if we can get to that point. level? And ultimately, folks, it's about arriving, it's... to do a a decision-making panel, such in the way that a farmer, taker of decision, he can sit in his computer, click a button and see how That's the situation with the river... a specific basin and he himself can Start thinking about planning. That's it My dream as a researcher is to pass... information so that everyone can to think, to be able to look and ultimately take the Make your decision in the best way possible. There There are many tools, many things that We did. And I'll finish here by talking about That's my question, right? It is possible if it is Sustainable, without irrigation? Folks, today if we think in a way environmental, economic, social, it will be It's getting harder and harder. Arição, no last, in the videos I mentioned, that I I recorded for this series, which the staff is Doing it there, I said it's the best. anxiolytic for the producer. So, and it goes to become more and more, especially if the numbers, if the signs that we are seeing them happen today. And why is this here? This here is a Spoiler alert for you, it's a paper that we We are publishing. We here are pro Cerrado. We show that the number of irrigation in the future compared to past, it will increase in almost every the Cerrado, except for that little tip. here. In everything else it increases, or you no longer have to fight if you If you want, you're producing there, maintaining the same production. This means sustainability at its core, improvement of quality of life for people. Then Guys, I'll leave this question to you. They'll discuss it there with Teles. I know that it has several of my colleagues from the agency there government, Vilnio Arose, I think that It's around here too, right? So leave one That's a question, isn't it, folks? What is ours? agenda? What is our agenda? What is our plan? strategic? Think about it if you want. move forward, because we'll end up the same as list in that movie of hers. Any The path will do, let's do it any way we can. way. Let's start thinking about our Brazil, let's talk better about our Brazil. people can really move forward like nation. Ultimately, it's all about the people, isn't it? which are improving. This is a book that I published it, it's by the wrong side, of Third edition, a very comprehensive book. Whoever is there in the mountains is already there. available on the internet and can be downloaded, Okay? Thanks. I think I passed a Just a little bit of time, right? But that's a lot. information, my opportunity to to chat, bring something, and I'm ready. disposition. It's OK? Thanks. Ah, Thank you, Lineu. Again there That's very, very relevant information, right? Quite important, a very good perspective. general aspects of irrigation, of the challenges that we have and logically of Opportunities, right? Since we have a So, let's move on to this question. So there for you, uh, to enjoy a little of Your general knowledge there too, is a Question from Victor Sheld. Well, that's natural, isn't it? We realize that there is a lot of migration, right, uh, from farmers, businessmen to other regions of the country and also Often even to other countries, right? And within this migration, what does the What do you see as those things? main factors that lead to these producers to invest outside of Brazil or Investing in other regions, uh, related to climate, cost, load tax, access to credit, Technology, in short, what do you see? today, within your vision, what would they be? factors are important for this decision. decision? Yes, I think that's a really good question. Interesting, isn't it? Very strategic and coincidentally I was talking to Someone who's going to Paraguay, right? So, first I think that when you will develop a technology such as Regarding irrigation, we have to think about The first question is whether there is water. Well, enough, a lot of that region. Our water is easier to use, it's getting easier. but it's harder for you to remove. Then you start to have this challenge with the water, you have no energy, it starts to start to complicate matters and ensure legal certainty, if you cannot obtain the basic licenses for you develop your business, you legal certainty is starting to disappear and it is becoming increasingly uncertain. difficulty you have with to market your product and Related to that are the fees, right? That this case that was going to Paraguay, He was explaining the issue of... to me. ease with which you can commercialize, the low incidence of no fees on your product and that security legal. Every business needs it. legal certainty. You are safe. Legally, you have to have these responses from the State in a more fast. Whether you're going to ask for one water grant, you cannot spend 1 year, if months you have an answer of water, the answer is no. In a country that has We have plenty of water. we have to to think strategically in terms of what what we have to do in terms of structure for people really make the most of this economically our water. So, in response to your... I think you can ask the question objectively. which is fundamentally insecurity, that insecurity and and going to another In your place, you'll have more security in your activity and ease of doing the Business, taxes, all that, I think. which are factors that lead, I think, to climate issue, I, I, no, I, it's true that in Brazil Things are moving very slowly, aren't they? But It's the climate in Brazil, it will to have an impact, but we are able to to move forward in a way and to be and for us to be there the base country for the world in this matter To feed ourselves, because we have water. THE The rest of the world doesn't have water, folks. That That's the main point. If you look China and India have already arrived. practically at the top, we can forget 55 million hectares of form sustainable. That's a low number. We are talking underneath. So, if we know to implement a state policy, which people start to plan, from the our producers, but safety Legal process at every stage, right? AND Logically, tax burden, that has to to be reviewed, but legal certainty, I I think it's an important role if you wants to run a serious business in country in the long term, Okay? Great, great. So, uh, taking advantage Also, you're there at Nebasta, right? I had the opportunity to take a trip. and learn a little about agriculture irrigated there. And the invitation remains here. For those who like to look things up on Google, right? To take a closer look at Nebraska to Understanding irrigated agriculture. AND One thing that really caught my attention there It was the management of the agencies. governmental regarding Galala, right, which is the main aquifer that was there. If you Could you comment a little on that? Perhaps it's something that will come up here with growth, perhaps from the release of artesian wells so we can be feeding the donation. That's a good question. Uh, I had Nebraska for two moments. I lived Nebraska from 2001, from 1999 to 2001. I did my postdoc, I was there now for another Another year and a half. Now, now I'm in Corné, I moved, I'm in New York. university, I'm more in the part of Hydrology, right? So when I see eh It was the first time I was there, I I worked at Ogalara, it was a problem. Seriously, wait, that's a lot of money for... studying Ogalara, which I was downgrading And there was contamination, a lot of contamination. Water, that was the problem. In Brazil I see our aquifers as a large reservoir that we have. THE acriferous must be understood as a large reservoir that has to be Used only when absolutely necessary. Do you know why? Because we have lots of surface water. Water. Ah, I don't really like To differentiate water, because water is everything. connected. You take it from one place, she It will be missing in another one. So, we have that having cheaper strategies and more accurate ways to retain and use our surface water. And since we have a plan B, let's go. to say it like that, to use the water from there our aquifers, which are our great resource reserve. Aquifer for you to use with safety and you have to study. Studying with Yes, you have to invest money. You You'll have to put a post there. I showed here in Nebraska how much of posts, monitoring posts that he he has. There are thousands of positions and even so they're not sure because here It varies greatly. Then you'll have to There will have to be wells, there will have to Study so you know what you have. stored, be sure of what you have stored, know the recharge rate and the speed of this recharge, because why not Does it make sense for you to say: "I have here 1 million cubic meters of water, store" and start taking out and recharging and not having recharge. There are many places in Noala. that acoustic that we call fossil, of fossil water, water water that The water that's trapped there, it doesn't have Recharge, man. It's too much water to run out. And when it's over, my friend, then... thing. So we have to have one long-term thinking. What is it? Fossil water? What is that water over there? It's not going to be that there's no recharge? Does this region have a recharge point, or what is it? Recharge fee? So the aquifer, the Our aquifers must be used. as a real strategy of water security, but we have to I'm going to study here and invest, guys. also in our surface water. THE There is a lot of surface water that goes although. So, I think we have to have a strategy there thinking about equifers, thinking and eh eh in the water superficial and thinking A lot goes into planning. If you plan ahead, you You have to study, you have to invest. money for you to collect, because otherwise You solve this generation's problem. current and future generations are left behind. committed. That's an important point, quite a lot. That's an interesting perspective, huh, because we have availability of Be careful, okay? So, then we use This will definitely work best. sense. Thanks again, right? Our time This is the end of the year. Oh, it was a pleasure. Having you here again and listening to you, and have Have a good day! Thank you very much. Thank you too, thank you all as well. to everyone. Unfortunately, I wanted to be Hey, but talk to Teles, he'll tell you. You still owe me a barbecue, okay? For when I return. And I left one Hugs to everyone there. There are several friends, for sure, that are participating in the event and that it be a event. Enjoy yourselves, everyone. Those Moments are important, talk to them. They discuss, look, Brazil is in a certain way. Strategic, right? Of course, each one Within your business, you have to win. money, but think about it in a way strategy. I think that's what That's possible, okay? Thanks. One hug. And taking advantage of the following sequence, then, Okay guys, we're going to invite you then... Professor Alencar and Professor Mirta, right, so they can participate here in our... Closing of our panel. And you They can continue directing the Ask questions in the QR Code app. people already consider closing after the answers from those beasts over there to our event. Let's grab the cheat sheet here now. It's impossible to talk about glue near... Professor, right? They get a little nervous, right? Mirta, taking advantage of the situation, right? Uh, there are two. Questions that came here for you. Thanks. The first one, uh, is like... small farms can use systems irrigation to improve your Profit, right? And then maybe talk about these themes that you see as being perhaps more adapted to the small Property as well. Oh, that's a very good question, and I had... I spoke with Teles a little while ago and with the Rose, uh, from our perspective... working together, the small The property is always super in our horizon. We have to, uh, let's go. to suppose, uh, to change our understanding of irrigation is only for large property. We need to encourage that producer who has 5 hectares, 10 hectares for him to invest in a production that to make it more profitable. A producer of 5 Haar cannot plant soybeans, in my I understand, right? He has to plant a culture that he can sell, to be used for snacks school supplies that are marketed with a larger investment. that one producer who has dairy cattle, for For example, that he irrigates pasture, that be an irrigation system conventional, because the pivot is really It requires a little more space because... its cost, but that it has a system for irrigating 5 ha, 10 ha with the sprinkler irrigation system conventional. That's entirely feasible. has the same financing options as It's in the pivot. So, the idea that we has to work together with Teles is precisely, we should also attack that. alongside and encourage, guide and manage together with the producer that the viability from this irrigation. That's great. Taking advantage of this opportunity to ask a question... from your Sérgio Ferreira also for How is the situation regarding environmental license for constructions dam in the northwest region that almost all of the properties rural areas do not have the 20% legal reserve requirement and the Water today is a very limiting factor for Go to action. The environmental issue of the dam, it's a problem and we we need Sit down and join forces. I was there Not much talking to Botolini, right? the thing about the dams is that it has unlocking the blocks we need to do. And Lineu, Professor Lineu, A hug for Lineu, he commented a little while ago. regarding the 95% issue of the use of the basin's capacity. AND That's absurd. This would have happened a long time ago. that has been changed. And I believe that we have to... argue with data about the changes that can be done within a environmental possibility, right, and that it be sustainable. It's no use wanting to. kicking the door down because things aren't They work. We really need to type to argue, unlock some things that are malfunctioning. positioned, right, within our We're re-recording, right? Well, so you all have a The idea, the "a o" is that it, right? Inside the FEPAN secretariat uses even today maps of the army that are in The 80s. So there they appear. including watercourses as being a permanent watercourse that has long Time ceased to exist in that place. So we need these updates. What we need to do is achieve it. bring together the Public Prosecutor's Office, all the the organs that are connected to licensing so we can unlock it this part is faster and Safer, right? Taking advantage of that, professor, a Víor Sher is also asking this question. Yes, from which forms the integration of new technologies? Agricultural drones, sensors Do they handle prison? It can increase productivity in Rio. Southern Region? And which of these might be technologies if we list them at a level of importance, qualari more Profitability and productive efficiency? Thank you very much, Vitor, for the question. I I believe that our main focus is that is irrigation. This is the technology that will bring more return to inversion. If we are losing up to 60 sacks of soybeans and up to 80 sacks of corn due to lack of water, we We need to think and focus first on technologies that will be able to put More water in our fields. After we managed to reverse everything That's what Professor Mirda said very well. put in place, unlock a system, To modernize a system, we have to think about the monitoring system of irrigation. Eh, and here we have excellent examples that it's not just To add water means to add water at the right time. Okay, and along with the water, you have to think. Nutrition requires considering management. illnesses. So I think the main ones Technologies are in that order, put the pivot and then do a good one irrigation. I think that's what we We need to focus on the state of Rio Grande. From the South. And as Lineu commented. And by Professor Reimar, uh, we have Let's look at some examples from the point of view. from a technical point of view and also from the point of view political. If we think about the state today from Nebraska in the United States, it's very Similar to Rio Grande do Sul. 50% of Soybeans in Nebraska are irrigated, 50% of the Corn in Nebraska is irrigated. And it is state with the highest productivity corn soy medicine. I had what They did it there. I recently had with the governor of Mato Grosso, Mauro Mendes, at a security event food in the United States, where it had a commission from Mato Grosso, including governor, secretary of the environment, there at the Water for Food Institute, which is led by a Brazilian, by Christopher, uh, debating how to irrigate in Mato Grosso. So, I think that's it. Our leadership is also important and go to places where we have a similar weather conditions and check How did they manage to make it feasible? Then There, for example, in Nebraska, there is an institute. who works with water to ta making irrigation feasible. Of course, they They have a nitrate issue in the water. pollution. Well, but it's a question policy that they are lobbying for and developing research to generate arguments for us Let's go into a discussion, not with the maps. From the 80s, right, Professor Mir? Or In other words, it has current results and is putting Here's the generation of foreign exchange from the point of... economic view that the state of Rio Grande The South will win, and this is the impact. environmental, but not with words. Us We need fewer words and more. serious information that allows us to make a decision. Ah, great. So, taking advantage of this opportunity... Also, professor, there's another one. question. How can the producer find the balance between high productivity, water use efficiency and sustainability? Easy, right? To mark. Very good. Excellent question. What we saw evaluations on SB Money Maker That's exactly what the last few years have been like. And that the figure that you remember I tried Marking the X and Y axes shows us the Next, the more we harvest, The more we gain, the better. But where is the A clever trick? What does he want to harvest more of? Geovo was showing me just now over there. Alegrete, irrigated area 95, area of Drying area 18. So perhaps harvesting more in the dryland whether it's 30, the harvesting of more in irrigated areas is 100. So, more and more of us like producer we need to understand What is the potential of our crops for... make the right investment and start then we have to see what we We have the land to make the investment. in nutrition. It could be a package of Management from Passo Fundo to Shuim. We need to understand how far we can go. we can invest, because if the potential It's 50, you, I can't invest 50. otherwise it's not a shadow, I have to Invest less, but where do I get the money from? It has to be from somewhere. So we We need to know more and more which one it is. our potential and invest accordingly with the potential. That's what we We need to do it, and that's what we're doing. I'm selling. Who's managing to do this? You're doing it right, you're making money. Practical example. Two producers, one good producer. harvesting Well, Sonja is going to sell land now to Pay the bill. What did he do? Expanded Besides the rest, the machinery park. Another good producer nearby, I asked, go ahead, I need one. A good experiment for growing wheat. What What did he tell me? Professor Alencar, I planted 600 hectares of wheat last year, 700 last year, but this year the price of Fertilizer is kind of expensive and Elinho is going to be Too strong, I'm not going to plant wheat. management. So we need to look at this. with more attention, that is, look until where we can invest and be the manager of our property. Alright, everyone. Ah, basically So today, we wrapped it up. first panel, right, from Tecn Irrigation, This first meeting of giants, right? You saw the technical staff here and everything. The collaboration, right, that this event will to do here for our region, right, and for everyone who's watching us. Put please, wonder. So, thank you very much. Rossato, thank you very much to our teachers, right, who enhanced... This morning, they cleared up a lot of doubts. And certainly, professor, that only confirms it for me. Whether this one is worth marking or not, but it will... Having enough books for a whole group of people, right? Yes. Very good. Thank you, Camila. THE People believe a lot in science and a lot in data. This book was written by many hands. Here we have two authors from park, Professor Mir and I. Really We believe, we have data here that Cruzalto, Aurora seeds, agriculture I need it and there will be a book for those who are participating. It seems that the producer will to win a book by Emilio. Look at that, see? So it wasn't just me. presented. Everyone will be gifted. Guys, uh, before you... Finally, I wanted to call the people from commission to deliver a A little souvenir for you. Professor Lineu, we're going to have to... Send it by mail. It will arrive. A little later, but it will arrive. there too. Thank you very much for your participation. you. A round of applause, everyone. Alright, we'll wrap it up now. our morning full of information and We'll resume at 1:30, okay? So the people meet here at 1:30 with a panel that completely changes tone from Science for politics, from the laboratory to Brasília and to Rio Grande do Sul, mainly because it's pointless to Technology exists if policies Public services don't reach those who need them. So, I'll meet you all, all of you. It's 1:30 and lunch is available there. back.