Peace be upon you warahmatullahi wabarakatuh Hi everyone, we meet again at Let's learn PKN, hopefully you are always healthy and always under the protection of Allah subhanahu wa taala, this time I will discuss the material for class 8 chapter 2 semester 1, namely the form and sovereignty of the state for the first reason is that Indonesia as a unitary state in its journey the form of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia or NKRI changed to federal or United as a result of the Round Table Conference or KMB after the KMB NKRI changed to the Republic of Indonesia Serikat or Ris with Soekarno as president and Muhammad Hatta as Prime Minister This was done so that Indonesia received recognition of sovereignty from the international world when the Republic of Indonesia Serikat was established on December 27, 1949, which marked the non-applicability of the 1945 Constitution and the entry into force of the RIS Constitution which was formed on October 2, 1949, not even 1 year on August 17, 1950, the RIS was dissolved and Indonesia returned to being a unitary state, the form of a unitary state was also confirmed in the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 Article 1 paragraph 1 which states that the Indonesian state is a unitary state in the form of a republic since the reform era, precisely since 2001, Indonesia has implemented the concept of a unitary state with a decentralized system, namely the transfer of authority given by the central government to regional governments. The government management system is divided into two, namely the centralized system and the decentralized system. The centralized system is a government management system where everything is regulated and managed by the central government. In Man, the regions only have to carry out what has been instructed by the central government. Then the decentralized system is a government management system where regions are given the opportunity and power to regulate and manage their own autonomous regions. For the centralized and decentralized systems, the advantages and disadvantages are: the advantages of centralization are: the use of the state budget is more efficient; all issues are directly managed by the central government; all regions have the same regulations; while the advantages of decentralization are: a. regional resources can develop to the maximum; two. participation and responsibility of the people towards their regions will increase; applicable regulations are adjusted to regional characteristics; 4. regional governments can be more independent in making decisions related to the region; l. government is more democratic while the disadvantages of centralization are: the length of decision-making at the regional level because it is carried out directly by the central government; two. has the potential to give birth to an authoritarian government; the potential for regions to carry out Innovation is very limited at the wealth of the region has the potential not to be enjoyed by the region concerned while the weakness of decentralization one potential uneven Regional Development two the process of electing regional heads requires costs potentially giving rise to regional characteristics and if the supervision and coordination of the central government is low then the rich regions have the potential to break away from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia that is the strength and weakness of centralization and decentralization of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia t maintained diversity of ethnicity, religion, language, customs and cultural background should be a unifier of the Indonesian nation because it is our shared duty to participate in maintaining the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia here are examples of behavior that reflect the attitude of maintaining the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia mutual respect between MKI faced with differences in ethnicity, religion, race and language reconcile friends who are at odds help friends who are having difficulties make friends and socialize well without seeing the differences that exist maintain social order love the homeland sacrifice regulations and unity in all aspects of life next is Indonesia as a republic Maybe some are wondering what is the form of the state and what is the form of government the form of state is the overall structure or organization regarding the structure of the state that includes all elements of the state, namely the region and the population the form of state is divided into two one unit, namely a single structured state two federations, namely a plural state then the form of government is a structure that explains the organizational structure and function of the government only without touching on the regional structure or its population the form of government is divided into two one monarchy namely the succession of government is inherited from generation to generation two Republic namely the succession of government is carried out through the election mechanism characteristics and forms of monarchy government namely one head of state is a king or the head of government is the Prime Minister du Decisions of the Head of State can be changed through legislative institutions for example the United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Netherlands Thailand Qatar Brunei Darussalam and others then Ci and the form of republic government namely one understanding of one constitution that applies throughout the country there is a head of state or head of government for all the people of the country China South Africa United States Germany Indonesia as a state of law is affirmed in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia article 1 paragraph 3 which states that the state of Indonesia is a state of law a state of law is a state in running the wheels of government that is based on law thus all aspects of the NRI must be based on law a state of law is built by developing the legal apparatus itself to guarantee justice for all countries there are elements that feel the important principles of the implementation of a state of law namely not uk and the constitution, the recognition and respect of human rights in the constitution, complete with guarantees of protection against violations of the citizens' human rights, then the existence of the principle of a free and impartial judiciary and the addition of justice against abuse of authority by the ruling party. The last sub-chapter is Indonesia as a sovereign state of the people. Indonesia is one of the countries that applies the theory of people's sovereignty. This is stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Article 1, paragraph 2, which states that sovereignty is in the hands of the people and is implemented according to the Constitution before the amendment of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The People's Consultative Assembly is the highest state institution. The MPR as a representative of the people has the right and duty to elect and appoint the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. This is emphasized in Article 1, paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia before the amendment of sovereignty is in the hands of the people and is carried out entirely by the People's Consultative Assembly. The representative bodies of the people who implement the people's sovereignty according to the law consist of the People's Consultative Assembly or MPR, the People's Representative Council or DPR, the provincial regional people's representative council or DPRD, the provincial council. People's representatives of the city or district or called the district or city DPRD and the village consultative body that is the sovereignty of the people based on Pancasila which has two main principles, namely the principle of democracy and the principle of deliberation. The principle of democracy is the principle of awareness of love for the people. United with the ideals of the people with a people's spirit, living out the awareness of fighting together and shared ideals, while the principle of deliberation means that every policy must pay attention to the aspirations of the people, whether conveyed through the mbr or directly and implemented by prioritizing the deliberation mechanism. The principles of sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia are as follows: sovereignty is in the hands of the people and is implemented based on the law. The State of Indonesia is a state of law. The president in carrying out his duties is assisted by ministers. Ministers are appointed and dismissed by the president and the MPR has the power to change and determine the Constitution. The MPR inaugurates and or vice presidents. The MPR can dismiss the President and or vice president during their term of office in accordance with the constitution. Thus is the discussion of the material on Pancasila education for class 8, chapter 2, semester. 1 form and sovereignty of the people, hopefully this is useful and thank you asalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh