Yo, guys. Do you guys believe in the existence of ancient humans in the past ? Today we're going to discuss the discovery of ancient humans in Indonesia, guys. Listen to me. This discussion is based on real research, with evidence you can find at the Sangiran Museum or other archaeological sites. Based on several studies by experts, we can reconstruct the types of ancient humans in Indonesia who lived in prehistoric times. The first is the Meganthropus type of ancient human. This type of ancient human was discovered and studied by German-Dutch researcher Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald between 1936 and 1941. Von Koenigswald found this large human jawbone in Sangiran, Central Java. From the reconstruction results, experts named this type of human Meganthropus Palaeojavanicus, which means giant man from Java. This type of ancient human had a large, sturdy body, a strong jaw, prominent brow ridges, and no chin. Looking at the head size, the brain volume of the Meganthropus Palaeojavanicus was likely small, but it had larger molars than other types of ancient humans. It is estimated that this human's diet consisted of plants. The Meganthropus is estimated to have lived in the early Pleistocene epoch. Or about 1.9 million years ago. Next is the Pithecanthropus type of ancient human. Pithecanthropus is the most frequently found ancient human fossil in Indonesia, guys. This human type was discovered and studied by Dutch researcher Eugène Dubois in 1890 near Trinil, a village on the banks of the Bengawan Solo river, Ngawi Regency, East Java. Fossils of this human type were also found in China, named Pithecanthropus pekinensis, as well as in Europe, called Piltdown man and Heidelbergensis man. After reconstruction by researchers, a human skeleton was formed but still showed signs of an ape. Therefore, this type was named Pithecanthropus erectus, which means upright-walking ape-man. This type was also found by von Koenigswald in Mojokerto in 1936, so it is also called Pithecanthropus mojokertensis. Pithecanthropus is also classified into the Homo erectus group. The general characteristics of Pithecanthropus include a height of about 165 to 180 cm. They had large molars, a strong jaw, thick brow ridges , and a protrusion at the back of the head. Pithecanthropus also did not have a chin and had a wide nose. Their brain volume is estimated to be between 750 and 1300 cc. It is estimated that this type of ancient human lived and developed during the middle Pleistocene epoch. Next is the Homo type of ancient human. Homo, in this context, means human, guys. If you're tired, just take a break. Sir . This Homo type fossil was first studied in 1889 by Van Rietschoten near Campurdarat, Tulungagung, East Java. Research on the Homo type of ancient human was continued by Eugène Dubois and his colleagues. The characteristics of this human type include chewing tools like teeth and chewing muscles that have already shrunk. Their chin is still prominent, though not as prominent as the Pithecanthropus type. Their cranial capacity is estimated to be between 1000 and 2000 cc. This shows that the Homo type of ancient humans already possessed greater intelligence than Pithecanthropus and Meganthropus. Their physical form is not much different from modern humans, guys. Their distribution areas were not only on Indonesian islands but also in the Philippines and Southern China. These ancient humans are estimated to have lived around 40,000 to 25,000 years ago . As for the Homo-type human fossils found in Indonesia, the first is the Wajak human. In 1889, the Wajak human or Homo wajakensis was discovered by Van Rietschoten on the slopes of the Karst mountains northwest of Campurdarat near Tulungagung, East Java . The findings consisted of a skull including lower jaw fragments and several neck vertebrae. Their face was flat and rather wide. The root of their nose was wide and their mouth area was prominent. slightly. Their forehead was slightly sloped, and above their eyes were brow ridges, with a brain volume of 1630 cc. The Wajak human is already classified as Homo sapiens, so their characteristics are very different from Pithecanthropus, guys. Next is Homo soloensis. Homo soloensis fossils were first discovered by Ter Haar, Oppenoorth, and Van Koenigswald between 1931 and 1939. Fossils of this human type were found in the Ngandong area, Blora, in Sangiran, and in Sambungmacan , Sragen, Central Java. The findings consisted of 11 skull fossils, jawbones , and teeth. When first discovered, these ancient human fossils were classified as Homo sapiens and named Homo soloensis by Oppenoorth. Homo soloensis is estimated to have lived around 900,000 to 300,000 years ago. Next is Homo floresiensis, or commonly referred to as the Liang Bua human. Liang Bua, when translated literally, means a cool cave. The announcement of the discovery of Homo floresiensis in 2004 shocked the scientific world, guys . Wow. The remains of this human were found in the Liang Bua cave by a joint Indonesian and Australian research team . The Liang Bua human or Homo floresiensis was discovered by Peter Brown and Mike Morwood along with a team from the National Archaeological Research Center in September 2003 in a limestone cave in Ruteng, Manggarai, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. The age of this skeleton series is estimated to date from 94,000 to 13,000 years ago. The Liang Bua human has the most striking characteristic, which is a body posture only 100 cm tall, or about the waist height of an adult human. That is why many call the Liang Bua human the hobbit of Flores. Another characteristic is having a long, low, and small skull with a brain volume of only 380 cc. Okay, guys. Maybe that is all we can discuss in this episode. Support us by subscribing to this channel, leaving a like, and constructive comments. See you in the next episode. In closing, greetings " Jas Merah"(never forget history).