According to Chinese sources, the Uyghurs initially appeared among the Gauche and then the Tules tribes, and it is reported that they rebelled against the Gokturks from 603 onwards. They are first mentioned in Turkic sources in the Orkhon inscriptions due to their rebellion in 717. They founded the Gokturk and Second Gokturk states. The name Uyghur is understood to be derived from Uy, meaning allied, related, and Vur. Indeed, the phrase "10 Uyghurs" is known to mean ten allies. This program will address the key concepts of Uyghurs, Kyrgyz, Türgesh, Döleş, and Oğuz. After watching this program, you will be able to find answers to questions such as: How did the Uyghur Turks emerge on the historical stage and what is their role in Turkic history? What information is available about the Kyrgyz, a very old Turkic tribe? What were the effects of the Türgesh on the great changes in Turkestan? What were the roles of the Türgesh tribes in Turkic history? How did the historical course of the Karluks and the Oğuz, who formed the basis of Anatolian Turkicness, develop? Uyghurs 1 Gokturk During the Khaganate period, the Telesk tribes lived around the Selenge River throughout the entire Turkestan region. The Uyghurs, who formed the Ten Uyghur Alliance, overthrew the Gokturk Khaganate and established their rule in Otuken in 745. The center of the Uyghur Khaganate was Ordubalik on the banks of the Orkhon River. Kutlu Bilge Khagan was the founder of the Uyghurs. The borders of the rule extended to the New Turkic Khaganate, the Cuthalas region, Inner Asia, and Gerulen. In the Battle of Talas in 751, the Chinese were defeated and retreated. Meanwhile, the Uyghurs, who aided the Chinese in internal Chinese conflicts, increased their influence in China. During the Khaganate period, Manichaeism began to spread among the Uyghurs. The Kyrgyz conquered Ordubalik in 840 and destroyed the Uyghur rule. After the Uyghurs dispersed, they left their homeland and migrated to the Karluk lands, Gansu, and East Turkestan. Some Uyghurs established states in the Gansu region, while others remained in East Turkestan. They established Before the mass settlement of Uyghurs in 847, a considerable number of Uyghurs lived in the Gansu region. The new inhabitants improved their situation by engaging in trade with China and making political marriages through the practice of taking wives from the imperial family. In the early 10th century, the end of the Tank Dynasty in China was approaching, whereupon the Gansu Uyghurs severed their ties with the Chinese military region centered in Dunkhan. Again, in 905, against the pressures of a rebellious Chinese general who established a state in the region, the Uyghur army under the command of Tekin besieged the Eastern people in 911 and defeated the general. After this, the Uyghurs in the region became independent. The Gansu Uyghurs could not form a great power. Perhaps for this reason, they are not mentioned much in the sources. Following the collapse of the Uyghur state, the Uyghurs who went towards Central Asia were led by Bujitation's brother Enian. A branch of Uyghurs who went west settled in the Tian Shan Mountains, around Balik Turpan, and in 856... Mengleyi was chosen as Kaan. China did not object to the elimination of its governors in places like Turfan and the expansion of the Uyghurs to the sand dunes. Thus, the Uyghurs, who became rich and powerful along the trade routes in East Turkestan, also spread Manichaeism. With the elimination of the Chinese rebel general who established a state in Dunhound in 911 by the Ganges Uyghurs, the East Turkestan Uyghurs also severed their political ties with China. It is said that the name Kyrgyz, which has been mentioned in Chinese sources since previous periods, means 40 IR, that is, 40 tribes or 40 girls. The Kyrgyz are described as having red hair and blue eyes in Chinese sources from the Gokturk period. It is known that the Kyrgyz, who have existed since pre-Christian times, were mainly spread in the present-day Abakan, Minute, and Sayan regions. Some of them migrated westward, and together with the Chinese, they migrated to the Isi Lake and Tian Shan Mountains in the first century BC. In the early 90s AD, they joined forces with the Chinese and settled in the north. They attacked the Huns and then came to the Talas region, displacing the Busuns in the Pamir Mountains. The Kyrgyz established close relations with the Tabgach and were again subordinate to the Ruan. Around 560, during the Muan period, they were subordinate to the Gokturk Khaganate. The Kyrgyz, who rebelled during the Interregnum, were brought back under control after the Second Gokturk Khaganate was established. In 840, the Kyrgyz, who captured Ordubasi, established their own Khaganate. After 1207, they were subordinate to the Mongols. The Turgichs, a branch of the Eastern tribe of the Western Gokturks or the Ten Arrows Union, seized all the Ook lands during the Interregnum of the Gokturks. At the beginning of the Second Gokturk period, they were again subordinate to the Gokturks. Suluk, who came to power in 717 and made the city of Balasagun, northwest of Talas, his center, resisted the Arab raids from the West, ensuring the survival of the Turks in Transoxiana. The Arab armies in Turkestan The greatest obstacle to their advance in the region was the Türgesh armies. Defeated by the Türgesh armies, the Arabs retreated to Samarkand in 724. After a while, the people of Turkestan began to view the Türgesh as saviors. However, the Turks weakened considerably and were replaced by the Karluks. The Töles, mentioned as their remnants, are numerous Turkic tribes and communities that spread throughout Turkestan. Although it is known that not all of these tribes, which remained from the Hun political alliance, were entirely Turkic, it is said that they were the same as, or at least resembled, the Göktürks in terms of religion, customs, and lifestyle. The Töles are recorded in Chinese sources from the 4th and 5th centuries under the name Guayiçe, meaning "high chariot," and it is believed that they, like other Turks, descended from a wolf ancestor. During the Göktürk era, the Töles were spread throughout Turkestan under names such as Tardus, Uyghurs, On Oklar, Karluks, Türgesh, Oğuzs, Avars, Khazars, Ogurs, Pechenegs, Cumans, Kipchaks, Kyrgyz, Basmils, and Khitans. These tribes were constantly shifting their positions, dissolving, and forming new unions. The Karluks, who played a role in the expansion of Göktürk rule to the Caspian Sea and Transoxiana, acted independently between 630 and 680 and occasionally attacked China. In the Battle of Talas in 751, the Karluks sided with the Arabs and helped defeat the Chinese. The Karluks founded the Karakhanid State, the first Turkic group to accept Islam and holding an important place in Turkic Islamic history. From the 6th century onwards, some of the tribes that had gathered under the Göktürk Khaganate formed the Eastern Oghuz Khaganate during the Interregnum. After the establishment of the Uyghur Khaganate, Bayan Chortekin gathered the 9 Oghuz, but fought against the tribes that formed the 8 Oghuz Union. After Bayan Chortekin became Khagan, he defeated the Oghuz who had allied with the 30 Tatars at Burgu and on the banks of the Selenge River. Following this, the Oghuz retreated, crossing the Selenge. Following this event, the Oghuz migrated westward. The Oghuz, seen along the Seyhun River in the second quarter of the 9th century, established a state with its winter center in Yenikent in the first half of the 10th century. These Oghuz were known by the name "Turk," and also as Turkmen, a political designation. We began the program by discussing the first mention of the Uyghurs in various sources. Accordingly, while the first information regarding their settlements comes from various sources, they were first mentioned in Turkish sources in the Orkhon inscriptions due to their rebellion in 717. In the continuation of the program, we tried to provide detailed information about the history of the Uyghurs. Then, we tried to convey information about the Kyrgyz, Türgesh, Kölechs, Karluks, and the Oghuz, who are considered to be the ancestors of today's Turkmens. In this program, we discussed how the Uyghur Turks emerged on the historical stage and their roles in Turkish history, what information is available about the Kyrgyz, a very old Turkish tribe, what the effects of Turkish tribes were on the great changes in Turkestan, what the roles of the Teles tribes were in Turkish history, and what formed the basis of the Karluks and Anatolian Turkic peoples. The question of how the historical course of the Oghuz Turks developed was addressed. More detailed information on this topic can be found in Unit 2 of the Central Asian Turkic History textbook.